Surre in Bari, Mudug and South Somalia
In the Bari and Mudug regions of Somalia and all the way to Hiiraan region is another cluster of Dir clans known as the Surre Qubeys or Abdallahs. The Suure have been associated with spreading the Islamic faith in Somalia and the Qadiriya Sufi tariiqa in southern Somalia. They left the Lafaruug area of Awdal where their founder was killed during the clashes with the Ethiopians and they were the defeated. That last defeat forced the Biyomaal to flee to the Lower Shabeele region while the Qubeys and Abdalle's fled to Mudug and Bari. The Suure are among the most influential Dir groups in Southern Somalia, and their territories include large areas of the Mudug and Galguduud regions. Also the Suure have founded major trade cities in the Hiiran area including Alaabay and Kamhanley.
The majority of western scholars (both Italian and British) simply referred to the Surre as the "Dir of central Somalia" without differentiating them, but recent studies in Somalia reveal that the majority of the Dir in Hiiran, Gedo, Jubba and Bakool are divided into two branches, the Qubeyes and Abdalles, both descendants of Surre.
Surre
Surre sub-clan is local to mostly Puntland state districts such as Mudug (Galkaiyo, Jariiban, and Hobyo) in particular Towfiiq, Ceeldhanaan and Cowle of the Golol Valley which is dominated by the Reer Agoon and Dabac segments; Nugal (Eyl); Bari (Qardo, Bosaso, Qandala, Alulo); and Sanaag (Laasqoray), the Laasqoray Surre clan called locally Reer Cabaas or Urdudub and live side by side with Warsangeli. In Galgudug, the Surre sub-clan of Cabdale occupies territory extending 180 km from approx 20 km of Abuqwaq to Balanbale parallel to the Ethio-Somalia boundary. The centre of the Surre in Galgadud in the district of Xeraale which is located between Dhusamared and Abudwaq (The heartland of the Dariqa sects Ahlu-Sunna Wal Jameeca).
Southward, the Surre is also an integral part of the Hiiran region communities. The base of the Surre is the commercial and farmland villages of Kabhanley and Defow. Perhaps the most important region for the Surre remains Luq district of Gedo. The border town of Boholgaras to the limits of the river Jubba banks of Luq is dominated by Surre dir sub-clans of mainly Fuqu-Muhumed sub sub-clan. In the Jubba regions, Jamame is an important homeland of the Surre accompying their Bimal brethren whom are vastly dominant in that area. The farmland town of Bender-Jadid is solely domiciled by the Surre. The Surre are allocated 5 MPs among the Transitional Federal Parliament namely: Mahad Abdalla Awad, Jeylani Ali Kediye, Nasra Abdisalam Alim, Sh. Mohamed Sh. Yusuf Direed, and Qamar Adan Ali.
Friday, February 3, 2012
Qeylo dhaan ba’an oo ka soo yeertay qurba joogta beesha Surre ee Direed”
Qeylo dhaan ba’an oo ka soo yeertay qurba joogta beesha Surre ee Direed”
January 30, 2012 | Filed under: Wararka Somalia | Posted by: fadxi
Waxgarad, indheergarad ,aqoonyahan ,iyo culumaa u diin ka kala yimid USA,EUROPE,AUSTRALIA, oo kulan socday muddo labo cisho ah ku yeeshay caasimada stocolom ee dalka sweden ayaa soo saaray baaq ku wajahan beel weynta Surre, iyo oday dhaqameedyada beesha oo iyagu loo igmaday soo xulitaanka dadka matala beesha oo tayo leh ka dib markii ay qurba joogta beeshu si habsimi ah u falanqeeyeen xaaldihii u dambeeyay ee dalka iyo marxalada kala guurka ee uu dalku marayo iyo waliba ololaha goboleysiga iyo maamul hoosaadyada qerybsiga awooda goloyaasha degaanka ee maamul goboleedyada ayaa waxay dhaliil iyo cambaareyn dusha uga tuureen xildhibaanada iyo wasarada beesha kuwaaso oo aan waxba kala socon hab socodka iyo deegaanada beesha iyadoo mudooyinkii u dambeeyay ay gacanta dowlada ku soo dhacday gobolka hiiraan oo la wada ogyahay in beesha Surre ay Degaano muhiim ah ka degto gobolka hiiraan sida ,Degmooyinka.
Kabxanleey, Deefow ,iyo tuulooyin badan oo hoostaga labadaas degmo sida Tuulada Dhanaane,Jeerey,Geedo dheer.iyo tuulada beykuul bayaanka beesha ayaa lagu sheegay in labadaas Degmo oo ay beeshu degto iyo tuuloyinka hoos yimaadaba ay xuiliyadii dowladii Aadan cade ee rayidka ay ahaayeen degmnooyin ay beeshu ku xisaabtanto ilaa dowladii uu Hogaaminayay Mudane CAli mahdi.
Hadaba waxaa xusid mudan in Oday dhaqameedyada beesha Surre ay si wanaagsan uga baaran degaan soo xulida iyo igmashada danaha beesha dad matali kara beesha surre oo leh karti iyo hufnaan ay wax kula qeybsadaan dhigooda beelaha soomaliyeed.
Ayadoo bayaanku uu si deg deg ah oo waafaqasan hab raaca goloyaasha deegaanada gobolka hiiraan ay ugu amba baxaan sidii ay wax ula qeybsan lahaayeen Dadka deegaanka gobolka hiiraan.
Haddii ay dhici weydo in kuwa loo igmaday beeshu ay ka soo dhalaali waayaan howsha aan kor ku soo xusnay ay iska waayi doonaan xulashada golaha baarlamaanka ee beesha Augost 2012 oo ku cad heshiiskii Garowe ee qeybsiga beelaha 4.5 ay beel waliba soo xulan doonto xildhibaanadii u matali lahaa waji cusubna ay beeshu ku baaqayso oo wax ka qabta cabashooyinka beesha surre oo gaaray meeshii ugu dambeeyay
Waxaa saxiixay bayaanka 253 oo qofood oo iskugu jira Waxgarad Aqoon yahan iyo Indheergaradka beesha Surre iyo Haweenka beesha oo qeyb lixaad leh ka qaatay .
Coordinater Of Surre Diaspra
Dr Mohamuud Wacdi Ibraahim
France, Paris
January 30, 2012 | Filed under: Wararka Somalia | Posted by: fadxi
Waxgarad, indheergarad ,aqoonyahan ,iyo culumaa u diin ka kala yimid USA,EUROPE,AUSTRALIA, oo kulan socday muddo labo cisho ah ku yeeshay caasimada stocolom ee dalka sweden ayaa soo saaray baaq ku wajahan beel weynta Surre, iyo oday dhaqameedyada beesha oo iyagu loo igmaday soo xulitaanka dadka matala beesha oo tayo leh ka dib markii ay qurba joogta beeshu si habsimi ah u falanqeeyeen xaaldihii u dambeeyay ee dalka iyo marxalada kala guurka ee uu dalku marayo iyo waliba ololaha goboleysiga iyo maamul hoosaadyada qerybsiga awooda goloyaasha degaanka ee maamul goboleedyada ayaa waxay dhaliil iyo cambaareyn dusha uga tuureen xildhibaanada iyo wasarada beesha kuwaaso oo aan waxba kala socon hab socodka iyo deegaanada beesha iyadoo mudooyinkii u dambeeyay ay gacanta dowlada ku soo dhacday gobolka hiiraan oo la wada ogyahay in beesha Surre ay Degaano muhiim ah ka degto gobolka hiiraan sida ,Degmooyinka.
Kabxanleey, Deefow ,iyo tuulooyin badan oo hoostaga labadaas degmo sida Tuulada Dhanaane,Jeerey,Geedo dheer.iyo tuulada beykuul bayaanka beesha ayaa lagu sheegay in labadaas Degmo oo ay beeshu degto iyo tuuloyinka hoos yimaadaba ay xuiliyadii dowladii Aadan cade ee rayidka ay ahaayeen degmnooyin ay beeshu ku xisaabtanto ilaa dowladii uu Hogaaminayay Mudane CAli mahdi.
Hadaba waxaa xusid mudan in Oday dhaqameedyada beesha Surre ay si wanaagsan uga baaran degaan soo xulida iyo igmashada danaha beesha dad matali kara beesha surre oo leh karti iyo hufnaan ay wax kula qeybsadaan dhigooda beelaha soomaliyeed.
Ayadoo bayaanku uu si deg deg ah oo waafaqasan hab raaca goloyaasha deegaanada gobolka hiiraan ay ugu amba baxaan sidii ay wax ula qeybsan lahaayeen Dadka deegaanka gobolka hiiraan.
Haddii ay dhici weydo in kuwa loo igmaday beeshu ay ka soo dhalaali waayaan howsha aan kor ku soo xusnay ay iska waayi doonaan xulashada golaha baarlamaanka ee beesha Augost 2012 oo ku cad heshiiskii Garowe ee qeybsiga beelaha 4.5 ay beel waliba soo xulan doonto xildhibaanadii u matali lahaa waji cusubna ay beeshu ku baaqayso oo wax ka qabta cabashooyinka beesha surre oo gaaray meeshii ugu dambeeyay
Waxaa saxiixay bayaanka 253 oo qofood oo iskugu jira Waxgarad Aqoon yahan iyo Indheergaradka beesha Surre iyo Haweenka beesha oo qeyb lixaad leh ka qaatay .
Coordinater Of Surre Diaspra
Dr Mohamuud Wacdi Ibraahim
France, Paris
Monday, January 30, 2012
IL MONDO PROFILES SOMALFRUIT
IL MONDO PROFILES SOMALFRUIT
Il Mondo, 30-P31
February 27, 1995
Somalfruit is a small Italian business that was recently in the news when an Italian television journalist was killed in an ambush in Somalia; the company had organised transport with an armed guard for him and a colleague.
The company's owner is Bianca De Nadai, daughter of the founder, born in Addis Ababa in 1941 and now living in Padua. She also owns a string of other very small firms, some of them jointly with her husband Roberto Conti. The parent company seems to be De Nadai, set up in 1977 at Romans d'Isonzo in Gorizia province. It has a staff of only four people, two of whom are members of De Nadai's family. Its foreign operations, including Somalfruit, are headed by Evergreen Trade, formed in 1992 in Padua, with authorised (but apparently not paid up) capital of L99m, and a staff of three, one of them a member of the owner's family. Its stated objects are promotion, consultancy, marketing, wholesaling and brokering of agricultural products of all kinds and from any source, in Italy and abroad. In March 1993 it expanded its activities to include wholesaling of fruit and vegetables.
Tico Tropical Isles Company, formed in 1991, is registered at the same address in Padua and has practically the same objects and, again, authorised capital of L99m. It is different from the other two companies in that its board of directors includes two foreigners: Stuart Anderson of New Zealand, and Kevin Bragg of the USA.
While Bianca De Nadai is involved in the agricultural produce business, her husband is engaged in the property and transport sectors. As well as being a shareholder in some of his wife's companies, he is either chairman of or a shareholder in at least another five firms, one of them a Florence- based import-export company, Camar, which does business with Somalia.
Somalfruit operates a fleet of about 30 ships. It is 51% owned by the children and grandchildren of its founder, with the other 49% divided between a group of Italian business colleagues and a number of Somali operators. Management of the company's affairs in Somalia is in the hands of Vittorio Travaglini.
© 1995
An American goes fishing
The Indian Ocean Newsletter
June 25, 2005
Dan Simpson, who was American ambassador to Somalia a decade ago and is now associate editor of the Post-Gazette of Pittsburg (Pennsylvania), met one of his old acquaintances in the United States recently. This was Mehrdad Radseresht, the son of an Iranian diplomat who took American nationality and in the mid 1990s had been the representative for Dole Foods for the Middle East. The two men met in Somalia where Radseresht was trying to create the company Sombana (a subsidiary of Dole), in head on competition, sometimes violent, with its rival Somalfruit.In a recent article in Post-Gazette, Simpson retraces this common past as well as his friend's more recent attempt to get into the fishing industry in Somalia. This was through a company having fishing licences attributed by the government of Puntland and employing 80 to 100 fishers. Radseresht's new strategy is to sell fish and bananas to the American forces based in Djibouti, where he has a concession for the fishing port.
He has also had the idea of afterwards expanding this trade to other American contingents based in the region, whether Kuwait or Iraq.In Djibouti, Mehrdad Radseresht is the chairman of the Djibouti Maritime Management and Investment Company (DMMI) which obtained the concession for the new fishing port from President Isma�l Omar Guelleh (ION 1080). Within the DMMI, he is in partnership with an MP from the Djibouti governing party, Youssouf Moussa Dawaleh. Last year, DMMI hired the Frenchman Herv� Prat (ION 1088) as director to run the Djibouti fishing port.
� Copyrights 2005 Indigo Publications All Rights Reserved
Murder, slavery, beatings, theft in Somalia
Ali Musa Abdi
June 23, 1995
MOGADISHU, June 23 (AFP) - Farmers in Somalia's fertile lower Shabelle region came forward Thursday to tell stories of an area ostensibly at peace but where they say militiamen beat, murder, enslave, tax, steal and expropriate.
The farmers added that they ended up thanking the gunmen -- loyal to south Mogadishu warlord Mohamed Farah Aidid -- for not killing them.
Among the stories: one 29-year-old man killed because he ate two bananas as he worked as a virtual slave on a plantation, and a woman who gave birth after being forced to work all day.
The slave-workers are fed a meagre diet of beans boiled in unsalted water, the farmers say, but are forbidden to eat the fruit they pick.
Ironically, life was actually easier for them in the days of dictator Mohamed Siad Barre, overthrown in January 1991, since harvesters then could eat as many bananas as they wanted so long as they did not take any home.
The farmers say that two big banana companies, Sombana, a subsidiary of the US-based Dole corporation, and Somalfruit, which has Italian backing, use militiamen aboard dozens of "technicals" -- pickup trucks with heavy weapons mounted -- to force men, women and children to work on the plantations for more than 11 hours a day for little or no pay.
Roadside sellers said they would give terrified nods of appreciation as passing militiamen helped themselves to cigarettes, coconuts, and fruit juices.
Sombana head Ahmed Duale Gelle "Haaf" denied the charge. "We haven't seen human rights violations in the region so far," he said.
Somalfruit refused to comment.
Local faction leader Ibrahim Mohamed Dirie said at least 10 farmers had been killed after resisting militiamen who tried to take over their farms.
He accused the companies of instigating the farm take-overs, and called for a withdrawal of all militias and a boycott of exported bananas.
The farmers say some militias are employed directly by the companies, and that the others are loyal to General Aidid, who they say is supported financially by both Sombana and Somalfruit despite his ouster as chairman of the Somali National Alliance on June 11 by his financier-turned-rival, Osman Hassan Ali "Atto."
Aidid's supporters elected the general as Somalia's "interim president" on June 15, a move unrecognised by his rivals or any government.
During the banana harvest, the farmers said, militiamen pay 50 Somali cents for each bunch of bananas. This means a strong man able to carry 400 bunches in a day can earn the equivalent of three US cents, enough to buy 100 grams (3.5 ounces) of bread.
But the militiamen sell untreated river water for drinking at 500 shillings per jerry can, the equivalent of nine US cents, and charge 150,000 shillings for enough canal water to irrigate a small farm once.
On top of that, the farmers say, they levy a "regional defence tax."
Moallim Mudey Hassan, 45, owner of a 100-hectare (250-acre) farm testified: "First I was refused water from the irrigation canal, then the militias said they would share my farm and give me protection. Finally, six technicals surrounded my farm, and I was ordered to leave. I obeyed the gunmen to save my life."
Hussein Osman Moallim, 55, said 13 Somalfruit gunmen told him they had helped liberate the area during the overthrow of Siad Barre, and that they therefore deserved his 400-hectare (1,000-acre) farm.
"I tried to negotiate, and offered them half the farm, but they rejected the deal. After I heard that one of my colleagues had been killed in his home after trying to resist orders to abandon his farm, I fled to north Mogadishu (under the control of Aidid rival Ali Mahdi Mohamed)."
Abdurahmin Malaq Abdi, 60, was abducted from a bus on his way to Mogadishu and taken with 15 others to work on a farm taken over by militiamen.
He said he was too weak to work in the fields, so was put on garbage collection while the others were forced to clear a canal.
"We worked all day long without payment, but we finally thanked them for allowing us to leave unhurt," he said.
A university graduate who gave his name only as Dr. Musa said he saw a 32-year-old man "tortured, then shot in the head and thrown on a garbage pile, where his body was set ablaze."
Musa, showing his cracked hands, said he did receive payment for his forced labour -- 14 bananas.
� (Copyright 1995)
Somali companies go to war over banana exports
By Aidan Hartley
February 17, 1995
SHALAMBOT, Somalia, Feb 17 (Reuter) - In a bloody feud that gives new meaning to the term "banana republic", two private companies with their own armies are fighting for control over Somalia's banana exports to Europe.
Up to eight people, including an Italian journalist, have been killed this month as a result of the struggle which pits the Italian-backed Somalfruit company against Sombana, agents for the U.S. fruit giant Dole.
Business in the Horn of Africa state has revived since United Nations troops stormed ashore in 1993 to end famine and persuade warring clan militias to establish a new government.
They failed to do that and the U.N. is withdrawing this month under the protection of U.S. and Italian forces.
U.N. special envoy Victor Gbeho said this week the banana feud: "gives an indication of what will happen in the future if you have no government".
Carloads of Somali militiamen wielding AK-47s and rocket- propelled grenades patrol the banana plantations in Shalambot, about 90 km (55 miles) south of the capital Mogadishu along a bandit-infested dirt road.
"We are not people of war. We came here to start a business," said Asale Muhammad Abdi, an official of Somalfruit.
Ahmed Duale Haf of Sombana, sitting in his office as teams of gunmen lounged in the shade, said the same: "We are ready to do business but we are not ready to shoot."
Reporters saw a convoy of empty Somalfruit trucks driving to Shalambot protected by "technicals", vehicles mounted with machine guns and in one case, by a 37 mm anti-aircraft gun.
Somalia's banana industry dates back to Italian colonial rule, when fascist dictator Benito Mussolini encouraged the first plantations.
After independence, military ruler Mohamed Siad Barre gave a monopoly to Somalfruit which was jointly-owned by Italian interests, the state and local farmers. But militias which overthrew Siad Barre in 1991 turned the plantations into battlefields and the industry all but collapsed.
As Somalfruit struggled, Sombana began exporting from Mogadishu's Indian Ocean port last year, backed by Dole.
Dole's presence in Somalia was publicised by the U.S. ambassador Daniel Simpson and the U.N. Operation in Somalia.
"Competition is good. It's democratic," said Gbeho in defence of this. "But then both companies sought political bases -- and that's why the problems started."
The Somalis in control of both companies have close ethnic links with Aideed's militia, but the Somali leader's efforts to get them to agree to share the monthly export of up to 200,000 12.5 kg (27.50 lb) cartons failed to resolve the quarrel.
Mohamoud Dirshe, a senior official in Somalfruit, said that on February 1 Sombana technicals prevented his company from getting 30 truckloads of bananas into Mogadishu port.
The next day, the convoy tried to enter the port again and a gunfight broke out. Witnesses said two militiamen and a woman bystander were shot dead.
That night, two mortar bombs slammed into the port area. Dirshe claims they were aimed at the Somalfruit ship.
Ahmed Duale, the chief of Sombana, denies this and says his rivals were attacked by truckers over a contract dispute.
On February 9, Somalfruit cars were ambushed near the U.N.-controlled airport in Mogadishu by "technicals".
Marcello Palmisano, a cameraman for Italian RAI television, was shot dead while his female colleague escaped. The team was apparently attempting to cover the story of the "banana war".
A senior Somalfruit official and three others were also killed in the attack. Duale denies his company was involved.
Both companies say they have invested large amounts of money in the banana planatations, providing fertilisers and chemicals.
The prize in the dispute is access to the European market under the Lome Convention trade agreement which ensures Somalia a quota for its bananas. Water melons and grape fruit are also exported to Europe and the Middle East.
� 1995 Reuters Limited
Aidid paid by banana firms to capture Kismayo port: rival
August 21, 1996
MOGADISHU, Aug 21 (AFP) - Banana exporters have paid Somali warlord Hussein Mohamed Aidid 100,000 dollars to capture a strategic port in a bid to resume exports of the lucrative cash crop, a rival faction leader charged Wednesday.
Major-General Aden Abdullahi Nur Babyow, nominal chairman of the Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM) faction, told journalists that militiamen from Aidid's United Somali Congress/Somali National Alliance (USC/SNA) faction were planning to attack Kismayo, 500 kilometres (312 miles) south of the Somali capital.
Dozens of heavily armed wagons (technicals) belonging Aidid's USC/SNA were heading toward Kismayo and the Lower Jubba region, he said.
Gabyow accused two Somali banana exporting companies -- Sombana and Somali Fruit -- of financing the impending attack by giving Aidid's faction 100,000 dollars.
SPM deputy chairman General Mohamed Said Hirsi Morgan , whose SPM faction controls the southern Somali port, to the impending attack on the port city.
The former defence minister under dictator Mohamed Siad Barre, who was ousted in January 1991, said Aidid aimed to capture the port to allow a resumption of banana exports.
The operation was being mounted to compensate for the closure of Mogadishu airport last October by the Somali Salvation Alliance (SSA) faction of Ali Mahdi Mohamed and the USC/SNA faction loyal to Osman Hassan Ali Atto, Aidid's former financier-turned bitter political rivals.
Gayow said the banana exporting companies wanted the port to be captured by Aidid's militiamen before September 1.
The SPM chairman also accused the American Dole Company and Italian firms of supporting the illegal export of bananas harvested from farms confiscated from the unarmed farmers in Jubba Valley.
Jubba Valley, one of the war-torn country's richest areas for agriculture, livestock and fish industries, has been the scene of many battles since the overthrow of Barre.
http://www.biyokulule.com/February1990s(9).htm
� (Copyright 1996)
Il Mondo, 30-P31
February 27, 1995
Somalfruit is a small Italian business that was recently in the news when an Italian television journalist was killed in an ambush in Somalia; the company had organised transport with an armed guard for him and a colleague.
The company's owner is Bianca De Nadai, daughter of the founder, born in Addis Ababa in 1941 and now living in Padua. She also owns a string of other very small firms, some of them jointly with her husband Roberto Conti. The parent company seems to be De Nadai, set up in 1977 at Romans d'Isonzo in Gorizia province. It has a staff of only four people, two of whom are members of De Nadai's family. Its foreign operations, including Somalfruit, are headed by Evergreen Trade, formed in 1992 in Padua, with authorised (but apparently not paid up) capital of L99m, and a staff of three, one of them a member of the owner's family. Its stated objects are promotion, consultancy, marketing, wholesaling and brokering of agricultural products of all kinds and from any source, in Italy and abroad. In March 1993 it expanded its activities to include wholesaling of fruit and vegetables.
Tico Tropical Isles Company, formed in 1991, is registered at the same address in Padua and has practically the same objects and, again, authorised capital of L99m. It is different from the other two companies in that its board of directors includes two foreigners: Stuart Anderson of New Zealand, and Kevin Bragg of the USA.
While Bianca De Nadai is involved in the agricultural produce business, her husband is engaged in the property and transport sectors. As well as being a shareholder in some of his wife's companies, he is either chairman of or a shareholder in at least another five firms, one of them a Florence- based import-export company, Camar, which does business with Somalia.
Somalfruit operates a fleet of about 30 ships. It is 51% owned by the children and grandchildren of its founder, with the other 49% divided between a group of Italian business colleagues and a number of Somali operators. Management of the company's affairs in Somalia is in the hands of Vittorio Travaglini.
© 1995
An American goes fishing
The Indian Ocean Newsletter
June 25, 2005
Dan Simpson, who was American ambassador to Somalia a decade ago and is now associate editor of the Post-Gazette of Pittsburg (Pennsylvania), met one of his old acquaintances in the United States recently. This was Mehrdad Radseresht, the son of an Iranian diplomat who took American nationality and in the mid 1990s had been the representative for Dole Foods for the Middle East. The two men met in Somalia where Radseresht was trying to create the company Sombana (a subsidiary of Dole), in head on competition, sometimes violent, with its rival Somalfruit.In a recent article in Post-Gazette, Simpson retraces this common past as well as his friend's more recent attempt to get into the fishing industry in Somalia. This was through a company having fishing licences attributed by the government of Puntland and employing 80 to 100 fishers. Radseresht's new strategy is to sell fish and bananas to the American forces based in Djibouti, where he has a concession for the fishing port.
He has also had the idea of afterwards expanding this trade to other American contingents based in the region, whether Kuwait or Iraq.In Djibouti, Mehrdad Radseresht is the chairman of the Djibouti Maritime Management and Investment Company (DMMI) which obtained the concession for the new fishing port from President Isma�l Omar Guelleh (ION 1080). Within the DMMI, he is in partnership with an MP from the Djibouti governing party, Youssouf Moussa Dawaleh. Last year, DMMI hired the Frenchman Herv� Prat (ION 1088) as director to run the Djibouti fishing port.
� Copyrights 2005 Indigo Publications All Rights Reserved
Murder, slavery, beatings, theft in Somalia
Ali Musa Abdi
June 23, 1995
MOGADISHU, June 23 (AFP) - Farmers in Somalia's fertile lower Shabelle region came forward Thursday to tell stories of an area ostensibly at peace but where they say militiamen beat, murder, enslave, tax, steal and expropriate.
The farmers added that they ended up thanking the gunmen -- loyal to south Mogadishu warlord Mohamed Farah Aidid -- for not killing them.
Among the stories: one 29-year-old man killed because he ate two bananas as he worked as a virtual slave on a plantation, and a woman who gave birth after being forced to work all day.
The slave-workers are fed a meagre diet of beans boiled in unsalted water, the farmers say, but are forbidden to eat the fruit they pick.
Ironically, life was actually easier for them in the days of dictator Mohamed Siad Barre, overthrown in January 1991, since harvesters then could eat as many bananas as they wanted so long as they did not take any home.
The farmers say that two big banana companies, Sombana, a subsidiary of the US-based Dole corporation, and Somalfruit, which has Italian backing, use militiamen aboard dozens of "technicals" -- pickup trucks with heavy weapons mounted -- to force men, women and children to work on the plantations for more than 11 hours a day for little or no pay.
Roadside sellers said they would give terrified nods of appreciation as passing militiamen helped themselves to cigarettes, coconuts, and fruit juices.
Sombana head Ahmed Duale Gelle "Haaf" denied the charge. "We haven't seen human rights violations in the region so far," he said.
Somalfruit refused to comment.
Local faction leader Ibrahim Mohamed Dirie said at least 10 farmers had been killed after resisting militiamen who tried to take over their farms.
He accused the companies of instigating the farm take-overs, and called for a withdrawal of all militias and a boycott of exported bananas.
The farmers say some militias are employed directly by the companies, and that the others are loyal to General Aidid, who they say is supported financially by both Sombana and Somalfruit despite his ouster as chairman of the Somali National Alliance on June 11 by his financier-turned-rival, Osman Hassan Ali "Atto."
Aidid's supporters elected the general as Somalia's "interim president" on June 15, a move unrecognised by his rivals or any government.
During the banana harvest, the farmers said, militiamen pay 50 Somali cents for each bunch of bananas. This means a strong man able to carry 400 bunches in a day can earn the equivalent of three US cents, enough to buy 100 grams (3.5 ounces) of bread.
But the militiamen sell untreated river water for drinking at 500 shillings per jerry can, the equivalent of nine US cents, and charge 150,000 shillings for enough canal water to irrigate a small farm once.
On top of that, the farmers say, they levy a "regional defence tax."
Moallim Mudey Hassan, 45, owner of a 100-hectare (250-acre) farm testified: "First I was refused water from the irrigation canal, then the militias said they would share my farm and give me protection. Finally, six technicals surrounded my farm, and I was ordered to leave. I obeyed the gunmen to save my life."
Hussein Osman Moallim, 55, said 13 Somalfruit gunmen told him they had helped liberate the area during the overthrow of Siad Barre, and that they therefore deserved his 400-hectare (1,000-acre) farm.
"I tried to negotiate, and offered them half the farm, but they rejected the deal. After I heard that one of my colleagues had been killed in his home after trying to resist orders to abandon his farm, I fled to north Mogadishu (under the control of Aidid rival Ali Mahdi Mohamed)."
Abdurahmin Malaq Abdi, 60, was abducted from a bus on his way to Mogadishu and taken with 15 others to work on a farm taken over by militiamen.
He said he was too weak to work in the fields, so was put on garbage collection while the others were forced to clear a canal.
"We worked all day long without payment, but we finally thanked them for allowing us to leave unhurt," he said.
A university graduate who gave his name only as Dr. Musa said he saw a 32-year-old man "tortured, then shot in the head and thrown on a garbage pile, where his body was set ablaze."
Musa, showing his cracked hands, said he did receive payment for his forced labour -- 14 bananas.
� (Copyright 1995)
Somali companies go to war over banana exports
By Aidan Hartley
February 17, 1995
SHALAMBOT, Somalia, Feb 17 (Reuter) - In a bloody feud that gives new meaning to the term "banana republic", two private companies with their own armies are fighting for control over Somalia's banana exports to Europe.
Up to eight people, including an Italian journalist, have been killed this month as a result of the struggle which pits the Italian-backed Somalfruit company against Sombana, agents for the U.S. fruit giant Dole.
Business in the Horn of Africa state has revived since United Nations troops stormed ashore in 1993 to end famine and persuade warring clan militias to establish a new government.
They failed to do that and the U.N. is withdrawing this month under the protection of U.S. and Italian forces.
U.N. special envoy Victor Gbeho said this week the banana feud: "gives an indication of what will happen in the future if you have no government".
Carloads of Somali militiamen wielding AK-47s and rocket- propelled grenades patrol the banana plantations in Shalambot, about 90 km (55 miles) south of the capital Mogadishu along a bandit-infested dirt road.
"We are not people of war. We came here to start a business," said Asale Muhammad Abdi, an official of Somalfruit.
Ahmed Duale Haf of Sombana, sitting in his office as teams of gunmen lounged in the shade, said the same: "We are ready to do business but we are not ready to shoot."
Reporters saw a convoy of empty Somalfruit trucks driving to Shalambot protected by "technicals", vehicles mounted with machine guns and in one case, by a 37 mm anti-aircraft gun.
Somalia's banana industry dates back to Italian colonial rule, when fascist dictator Benito Mussolini encouraged the first plantations.
After independence, military ruler Mohamed Siad Barre gave a monopoly to Somalfruit which was jointly-owned by Italian interests, the state and local farmers. But militias which overthrew Siad Barre in 1991 turned the plantations into battlefields and the industry all but collapsed.
As Somalfruit struggled, Sombana began exporting from Mogadishu's Indian Ocean port last year, backed by Dole.
Dole's presence in Somalia was publicised by the U.S. ambassador Daniel Simpson and the U.N. Operation in Somalia.
"Competition is good. It's democratic," said Gbeho in defence of this. "But then both companies sought political bases -- and that's why the problems started."
The Somalis in control of both companies have close ethnic links with Aideed's militia, but the Somali leader's efforts to get them to agree to share the monthly export of up to 200,000 12.5 kg (27.50 lb) cartons failed to resolve the quarrel.
Mohamoud Dirshe, a senior official in Somalfruit, said that on February 1 Sombana technicals prevented his company from getting 30 truckloads of bananas into Mogadishu port.
The next day, the convoy tried to enter the port again and a gunfight broke out. Witnesses said two militiamen and a woman bystander were shot dead.
That night, two mortar bombs slammed into the port area. Dirshe claims they were aimed at the Somalfruit ship.
Ahmed Duale, the chief of Sombana, denies this and says his rivals were attacked by truckers over a contract dispute.
On February 9, Somalfruit cars were ambushed near the U.N.-controlled airport in Mogadishu by "technicals".
Marcello Palmisano, a cameraman for Italian RAI television, was shot dead while his female colleague escaped. The team was apparently attempting to cover the story of the "banana war".
A senior Somalfruit official and three others were also killed in the attack. Duale denies his company was involved.
Both companies say they have invested large amounts of money in the banana planatations, providing fertilisers and chemicals.
The prize in the dispute is access to the European market under the Lome Convention trade agreement which ensures Somalia a quota for its bananas. Water melons and grape fruit are also exported to Europe and the Middle East.
� 1995 Reuters Limited
Aidid paid by banana firms to capture Kismayo port: rival
August 21, 1996
MOGADISHU, Aug 21 (AFP) - Banana exporters have paid Somali warlord Hussein Mohamed Aidid 100,000 dollars to capture a strategic port in a bid to resume exports of the lucrative cash crop, a rival faction leader charged Wednesday.
Major-General Aden Abdullahi Nur Babyow, nominal chairman of the Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM) faction, told journalists that militiamen from Aidid's United Somali Congress/Somali National Alliance (USC/SNA) faction were planning to attack Kismayo, 500 kilometres (312 miles) south of the Somali capital.
Dozens of heavily armed wagons (technicals) belonging Aidid's USC/SNA were heading toward Kismayo and the Lower Jubba region, he said.
Gabyow accused two Somali banana exporting companies -- Sombana and Somali Fruit -- of financing the impending attack by giving Aidid's faction 100,000 dollars.
SPM deputy chairman General Mohamed Said Hirsi Morgan , whose SPM faction controls the southern Somali port, to the impending attack on the port city.
The former defence minister under dictator Mohamed Siad Barre, who was ousted in January 1991, said Aidid aimed to capture the port to allow a resumption of banana exports.
The operation was being mounted to compensate for the closure of Mogadishu airport last October by the Somali Salvation Alliance (SSA) faction of Ali Mahdi Mohamed and the USC/SNA faction loyal to Osman Hassan Ali Atto, Aidid's former financier-turned bitter political rivals.
Gayow said the banana exporting companies wanted the port to be captured by Aidid's militiamen before September 1.
The SPM chairman also accused the American Dole Company and Italian firms of supporting the illegal export of bananas harvested from farms confiscated from the unarmed farmers in Jubba Valley.
Jubba Valley, one of the war-torn country's richest areas for agriculture, livestock and fish industries, has been the scene of many battles since the overthrow of Barre.
http://www.biyokulule.com/February1990s(9).htm
� (Copyright 1996)
Friday, January 27, 2012
BOQORTOOYADA AKISHO ALI MADAXWEYNE DIR
BOQORTOOYADA AKISHO ALI MADAXWEYNE DIR
Waa boqortooyo hore oo xoogaha aad moodo baryahan danbe in xoogeedi wiiqmay qaar badana ay konfurta, galbeedka, iyo waqooyiga Itoobiya ku kala firdhatay. Qaar kalen galbeedka Somaliya iyo waqooyiga ay u kala kaceen. Beelo fara badan ayaa Akisho ku abtirsada qaar badan xitaa aan Akisho la moodin sida Obo, Guure, iyo beelo kale.
Magaca Akisho waxaa lagu macneeyaa kii cayilnaa oo afka oromada lagu dhaho (Ayisho) waa naaneys, Sida Gurgurahaba uu magaciisu naaneys macnaheedu tahay (Ganacsade) oo af Somaligii hore la dhihi jiray Gurgure sida kalmada (Gorgortanba) ay halkaas ka soo jeedo. Itoobiyana Gurgure waxaa loo yaqaan ganacsatada afafka Harariga/Oromada.
Boqortooyoyinkii hore ee Gurgure-Layiile-Akisho waxaa ay u bax sheen magalada Diraa Dhabe (ama meeshii uu Dir Waranka ku dhuftay(Dhabey) qarnigii 1400. Akishada iyo Gurgurah iyo beelah Madaxweyne Direed waxaa ka dhashay boqortooyoyinkii Ifat--Adulis iyo waliba halyeeygii weynaa ee Axmed Gurey.
Tarikho hore oo tilmamaya ayaa jira in Boqoradii Caraweelo ay aheyd naag Akhisho. Labadii boqol ee sano ee la soo dhafay hase ahaatee boqortoyadii akisho waxaa ku dhacay dib u dhac iyo burbur.
Akisho
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Akisho (var. Akisha, Akishe; also known as Gurre) is a Somali subclan, part of the larger Dir group whose members live in Ethiopia and northern Somalia. The Akisho are a subclan of the Ali Madaxweyn Dir, and they are reputed to be descendants of the eldest sons of the Madaxweyn Dir.
Akisho is one of the oldest clans in the Horn of Africa. According to Somali history, two of the oldest monarchies in the region, the Ifat and Adal Sultanates, were Akisho.[citation needed] However, the inhabitants of the Ethiopian province/kingdom of Ifat spoke a South Semitic language related to Amharic.[1]
The Akisho inhabit both Somaliland and Ethiopia. In Somaliland, Akisho members live in the southern Woqooyi Galbeed Province, Wajaale, Ala’ibaday, and Gabiley. In Ethiopia, where the Akisho are the most widespread Somali group, Akisho members inhabit Jijiga, Baale (Nagelle), Baabule, Fayaanbiiro, Qabri-Bayah, Fiq, Hara-Maaya, Harar, and Dadar.
Akisho members are predominantly adherents of Sunni Islam, though one might find a Christian Akisho in the Shewa area of Ethiopia. Other Akisho groups and their related clans are reputed to have migrated from Somali Ethiopian region all the way up North as far as the country Chad, the Sudan, and Northern Eritrea are said to be inhabited by these lost Dir groups.[citation needed]
The Akisho name is originally derived from "Cayisho" which means in old Somali the (Cayilsan) "Fat One", and in Oromo Akisho.[citation needed] Also the other nickname of the Akisho, Guure, is derived from one who doesn't "hear" because they did not speak the Oromo language when they settled among the Oromo of Bale and Arsi around 1600.[citation needed] Similarly, the Gurgure who are very closely related to the Akisho, use a nickname and were referred to the Oromo and Somalis as the traders or Gurgure from the old Somali and Oromo word "gorgortan" which means one who sales and trades.
According to the folklore historians of the Southern Suure Dir of the Mudug region, the Akisho and the Gurgure madahweyne Dir produced some of the most famous Somali folk heroes like the Somali queen Araweelo who was Warre Miyo. Also the Akisho and Gurgure clans were instrumental in spreading the Muslim faith in the hinterlands of Ethiopia. The Sheikh Abba Hussein in Southern Ethiopia is said to be of Dir, as well as Awbarkadleh and Awbuube who are two major saints of the Somalis.
The Warre prefix in front of many Akisho clans names means "the Clan of" or reer (WaaReer) in proper Somali. For example, the Warre Miyo are referred to Reer Miiyo in Somalia, but Warre Miyo in Ethiopian Somali and Oromo regions. Other clans related to the Aksiho are the Gariire, Warre Dayo,Gurgure, Layiile, and Aw Said's of Lower Jubba.
The Akisho (Gurre) clan consists of 12 major subclans:
Waro-Miyo
Waro-Bito
Waro-Dayo
Waro-Luujo
Waro-Ito
Waro-Kiyo
Waro-Heebaan
Waro-Kurto
Obo
Igo
Asaabo
Eejo
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,IRBC,,SOM,,3ae6ab6760,0.html
Somaliland: The Akisho[Akesho]: whether they live in the town of Gebileh, their relationship with Isaaks and whether they have political representation in the current government
The information in contained in this Response was provided by Matt Bryden, a consultant and Somali specialist now working with the United Nations Institute for Research on Social Development (UNRISD) in Nairobi (16 June 1998). He stated that the Akisho "are related to (if not part of) the Dir clan family, and live mainly between Jigjiga [in Ethiopia] and Hargeysa, where they tend to live in a somewhat subordinate status to the majority clans, although in Somaliland they have been awarded a seat in the constituent assembly. They face no general threat of persecution in any of the areas in which they live." The Research Directorate was unable to corroborate the Akisho's participation in the constituent assembly nor whether they face "persecution."
According to the Ethiopian Review the Akisho may be more numerous in Ethiopia than they are in Somalia (30 Apr. 1996). For additional information on the Dir clan and the Akisho sub clan, please consult Patrick Gilkes' The Price of Peace: Somalia and the United Nations 1991-1994 pages 144-148, and the appendix of Somali clan families.
This Response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the Research Directorate within time constraints. This Response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum.
Reference
Bryden, Matt. UNRISD, Nairobi. 16 June 1998. Letter received by electronic mail.
Gilkes, Patrick. September 1994. The Price of Peace: Somalia and the United Nations 1991-1994. Bedfordshire, UK: Save the Children Fund, UK.
Additional Sources Consulted
Africa Confidential [London]. January - May 1998. Vol. 39. Nos. 1-11.
Waa boqortooyo hore oo xoogaha aad moodo baryahan danbe in xoogeedi wiiqmay qaar badana ay konfurta, galbeedka, iyo waqooyiga Itoobiya ku kala firdhatay. Qaar kalen galbeedka Somaliya iyo waqooyiga ay u kala kaceen. Beelo fara badan ayaa Akisho ku abtirsada qaar badan xitaa aan Akisho la moodin sida Obo, Guure, iyo beelo kale.
Magaca Akisho waxaa lagu macneeyaa kii cayilnaa oo afka oromada lagu dhaho (Ayisho) waa naaneys, Sida Gurgurahaba uu magaciisu naaneys macnaheedu tahay (Ganacsade) oo af Somaligii hore la dhihi jiray Gurgure sida kalmada (Gorgortanba) ay halkaas ka soo jeedo. Itoobiyana Gurgure waxaa loo yaqaan ganacsatada afafka Harariga/Oromada.
Boqortooyoyinkii hore ee Gurgure-Layiile-Akisho waxaa ay u bax sheen magalada Diraa Dhabe (ama meeshii uu Dir Waranka ku dhuftay(Dhabey) qarnigii 1400. Akishada iyo Gurgurah iyo beelah Madaxweyne Direed waxaa ka dhashay boqortooyoyinkii Ifat--Adulis iyo waliba halyeeygii weynaa ee Axmed Gurey.
Tarikho hore oo tilmamaya ayaa jira in Boqoradii Caraweelo ay aheyd naag Akhisho. Labadii boqol ee sano ee la soo dhafay hase ahaatee boqortoyadii akisho waxaa ku dhacay dib u dhac iyo burbur.
Akisho
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Akisho (var. Akisha, Akishe; also known as Gurre) is a Somali subclan, part of the larger Dir group whose members live in Ethiopia and northern Somalia. The Akisho are a subclan of the Ali Madaxweyn Dir, and they are reputed to be descendants of the eldest sons of the Madaxweyn Dir.
Akisho is one of the oldest clans in the Horn of Africa. According to Somali history, two of the oldest monarchies in the region, the Ifat and Adal Sultanates, were Akisho.[citation needed] However, the inhabitants of the Ethiopian province/kingdom of Ifat spoke a South Semitic language related to Amharic.[1]
The Akisho inhabit both Somaliland and Ethiopia. In Somaliland, Akisho members live in the southern Woqooyi Galbeed Province, Wajaale, Ala’ibaday, and Gabiley. In Ethiopia, where the Akisho are the most widespread Somali group, Akisho members inhabit Jijiga, Baale (Nagelle), Baabule, Fayaanbiiro, Qabri-Bayah, Fiq, Hara-Maaya, Harar, and Dadar.
Akisho members are predominantly adherents of Sunni Islam, though one might find a Christian Akisho in the Shewa area of Ethiopia. Other Akisho groups and their related clans are reputed to have migrated from Somali Ethiopian region all the way up North as far as the country Chad, the Sudan, and Northern Eritrea are said to be inhabited by these lost Dir groups.[citation needed]
The Akisho name is originally derived from "Cayisho" which means in old Somali the (Cayilsan) "Fat One", and in Oromo Akisho.[citation needed] Also the other nickname of the Akisho, Guure, is derived from one who doesn't "hear" because they did not speak the Oromo language when they settled among the Oromo of Bale and Arsi around 1600.[citation needed] Similarly, the Gurgure who are very closely related to the Akisho, use a nickname and were referred to the Oromo and Somalis as the traders or Gurgure from the old Somali and Oromo word "gorgortan" which means one who sales and trades.
According to the folklore historians of the Southern Suure Dir of the Mudug region, the Akisho and the Gurgure madahweyne Dir produced some of the most famous Somali folk heroes like the Somali queen Araweelo who was Warre Miyo. Also the Akisho and Gurgure clans were instrumental in spreading the Muslim faith in the hinterlands of Ethiopia. The Sheikh Abba Hussein in Southern Ethiopia is said to be of Dir, as well as Awbarkadleh and Awbuube who are two major saints of the Somalis.
The Warre prefix in front of many Akisho clans names means "the Clan of" or reer (WaaReer) in proper Somali. For example, the Warre Miyo are referred to Reer Miiyo in Somalia, but Warre Miyo in Ethiopian Somali and Oromo regions. Other clans related to the Aksiho are the Gariire, Warre Dayo,Gurgure, Layiile, and Aw Said's of Lower Jubba.
The Akisho (Gurre) clan consists of 12 major subclans:
Waro-Miyo
Waro-Bito
Waro-Dayo
Waro-Luujo
Waro-Ito
Waro-Kiyo
Waro-Heebaan
Waro-Kurto
Obo
Igo
Asaabo
Eejo
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,IRBC,,SOM,,3ae6ab6760,0.html
Somaliland: The Akisho[Akesho]: whether they live in the town of Gebileh, their relationship with Isaaks and whether they have political representation in the current government
The information in contained in this Response was provided by Matt Bryden, a consultant and Somali specialist now working with the United Nations Institute for Research on Social Development (UNRISD) in Nairobi (16 June 1998). He stated that the Akisho "are related to (if not part of) the Dir clan family, and live mainly between Jigjiga [in Ethiopia] and Hargeysa, where they tend to live in a somewhat subordinate status to the majority clans, although in Somaliland they have been awarded a seat in the constituent assembly. They face no general threat of persecution in any of the areas in which they live." The Research Directorate was unable to corroborate the Akisho's participation in the constituent assembly nor whether they face "persecution."
According to the Ethiopian Review the Akisho may be more numerous in Ethiopia than they are in Somalia (30 Apr. 1996). For additional information on the Dir clan and the Akisho sub clan, please consult Patrick Gilkes' The Price of Peace: Somalia and the United Nations 1991-1994 pages 144-148, and the appendix of Somali clan families.
This Response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the Research Directorate within time constraints. This Response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum.
Reference
Bryden, Matt. UNRISD, Nairobi. 16 June 1998. Letter received by electronic mail.
Gilkes, Patrick. September 1994. The Price of Peace: Somalia and the United Nations 1991-1994. Bedfordshire, UK: Save the Children Fund, UK.
Additional Sources Consulted
Africa Confidential [London]. January - May 1998. Vol. 39. Nos. 1-11.
Somali Galbeed mise Ogaadeeniya
Qabiilada Daga Dalka Somaali Galbeed iyo Cidey Kala Yihiin
Dhaq dhaqaaqa dib u xoreynta Somali galbeed waxaa baryahan danbe af gambi ku samayay beesha Ogaadeen oo dalkii Somali Galbeed u bixisay "Ogaadeenya" arrinkaan oo bilawday 1995 tii ayaa cajaaib ah in meel ay Somali weyn ku nooshahay loo baxsho magac beeled ma sax baa
Marka **** Salaan, salaan ka dib suáal aad u qiimo badan ayaad keentay. Dalkan Somali galbeed la yiraahdo waxaa daga dhamaan qabiilada Somaaliyeed oo dhan marka ma haboona in loogu yeero magac beel (Ogadeenya)ee waxaa haboon in loogu yeero Somali Galbeed. Saan ognahay cadoowga Somaalida wuxuu mar walba isku dayaa in la kala qaybiyo umada Somaaliyeed oo qas iyo casaabiyad qabiil lagu beero.
Anigoo sharaf weyn u haya beesha Ogaadeen ee Somaliyeed iyo doorka dheer ay ka cayarto xoreynta dalkaa Somali Galbeed hadana dadka ku nool dalkaa Ogadeenku kama badna boqolkiiba 20%.
Soomali galbeed waxaa ku nool:
1)Waqooyiga Somali galbeed Beesha Dir oo ay ka mid yihiin Ciise,Gurgure,Akisho,Isaaq,Barsuug,Gadabuursi,Jaarse,Gaadsan,Guure,Gariire,Fiqi Muxumad,Fiqi Khayre,Qubeys,Jiido,Obo,Mandaluug,Madigaan,Bajimaal iyo qaarkale oo badan.
2)Qaybaha Dhexe waxaa Dagan Daarood:
Abasguul, Bartire,Yabare, Ogadeen,Gilimeys,Dhulbahante,Mareexaan,Majeerteen(baciyahan),Harti gaab iyo beelo kale oo badan.
3)Waxaa daga dalkaa Gabooyo (Madiibaan-Midgaan)
4)Hawiye: Karanle Hawiye,Gaaljecel,Sheekhaal,Hiraab,Jajeele iyo beelo kale oo badan.
5)Beelaha /Samaale /Dir/Hawiye ayaa u badan Koonfurta iyo aaga Mooyaale oo ay ka mid yihiin: Gare, Dogoodi, Gadsan,Guure, Gariire,Bajimaal,Xawaadle,Ajuuran,Suure,Fiqi Muxumud.
6)Raxanweeyn fara badan oo ay ka mid yihiin Gasar guudo/Hadame iyo beelo kale oo badan ayaa dalkaa dagan.
7)Beelaha Shebeele,Reer baare, Kaboole,Duubo,iyo beeralay kale oo fara badan ayaa ku sii nool oo Ogaandeka barkii ka badan.
8)Ugu danbeen waxaa jira dad Muslimiina oo Somalida la dhaqan iyo af ah oo ka soo jeeda qowmiyada Oromada ayaa meel walba ku dhex baahsan oo dhex dagan Somalida oo ay ka mid yihiin Caruusada, Booranta,Gabrah, iyo Guuji.
Marka walaalo waa Khalad iyo gardaro in Ogaadeenya loo bixiyo dal loo wada dhan yahay. Beena ma fiicna Dir ayaa u qalanta in loo baxasho dalkaa intii Ogadeen la oron lahaa.
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Replying to:
Inta badan Saxaafadda Caalamka iyo Dadka ka warhaya Siyaasadda Soomaaliya waxaa ay ugu wacaan Gobolka Soomaalida ee dalkaasi Ethiopia (Soomali Galbeed ama Killilka 5aad) sababtoo ah waxaa ay ku dabaqayaan magaca Soomaalinimo iyo in dhamaan beelaha wada daga Gobolkaasi ay hal hadaf ah yeeshaan si looga gudbo dhibaatada gumaysiga ee Ethiopia.
Arinkaasi waxaa si wayan usoo dhoweeyay dhamaan soomaalida iyo inta jecel in laga ahortago kuwa wada qabiilka ee damiirkooda ku koobay in ay ku faanaan Beel ama waqtiga lagu lumiyo iyadoo aan la ixtiraamin dadka markaasi kula dagan oo iyagaba Beelo uun kasoo jeeda.
Dhulka Soomaalida ee Ethiopia waxaa dagan Beelo Soomaaliyeed oo ay kamid Yihiin Ogaadeen, Sheekhaal, Isaaq, Duubo, Dir, Karanle, dhulbahante, majeerteen iyo kuwo kale oo aad u fara abdaan oo ilaa 30 ka badan lagu qiyaaso oo dhamaantood ah Soomaali ka soo jeeda Beelaha Soomaalida oo dhan maadaama uu dhul soomaaliyeed yahay waana dhul aad u balaaran oo Malaayiin qof ay ku noolyihiin.
Hadaba Iyadoo taariikh ahaan la ogyahay dagaaladii ka dhashay Gobolkaasi ee dhexmaray Ethiopia iyo Soomaaliya si Gobolkaasi uu soomaali Weyn wax ula qaybsado ayaa waxaa hadana wax lala yaabo ah in Dhul Soomaali oo dhani ay dagantahay loogu magac daro Beel Magaceeda halkii magacii Soomaali uun la sii wadi lahaa.
Ururka ONLF ee uu Hogaamiye Maxamed Cusmaan ayaa waxaa ay dastuurkooda ku saleeyeen in ay Gobolkaasi ka badalaan Magaca Soomaalyeed loona bixiyo Magaca Ogadenia iyadoo Taliskii **** ee Ethiopia uu dhaqaale ku siiyay Ururkan in ay Magacaasi qaataan si uu ugu tuso dad qabiil ka doorbiday Soomaali.
Waxaana nasiib daro ah in ilaa hadda Ururka ONLF uu sheego in dhulkaasi ay Beeshooda leedahay isla markaana ay ka qaybgalayaan dagaal walba oo looga hortagyo cidii aan Magacaasi ka tirsanayan.
Mar aan la kulmay Maxamed Cusmaan waxaa aan waydiiyay maxaa idinku wata arinkaasi waxaana uu sheegay in ay ogyihiin in Qabiilo badan ay dagaan Gobolka hase yeeshee uu magacaasi hirgalay kuna dadaalayaan in ay ku badalaan mid aan ahayn Qabiilka.
hadaba waxaa Soomaalida lagu tiriyaa dadka ugu beenta badan aduunka maadaama Beel walba ay sheegato in ay xaq u leeyihiin waxyaabo xaq daro ah oo aan ku wanaagsnayn Islaamka
Waxaa kaloo aan la yaabaa sida Beelaha Soomaalidu ay ugu dhaqmaan qabiilka iyo in qof walba uu iska dhaadhiciyo waxyaabo aan jirin oo Jahli laga dhadhansanayo sida anagaa ugu badan iyo anagaa ugu xoog wayn.
Dhibaatada kale ee Soomaalida haysata ee jahligu uu kamid yahay waxaa iyana kamid ah in soomaalidu aanay waxba isku ogolayn isla markaana ay u fahmeen dagaalka iyo dhiiga la daadiyo mid sharaf lagu gaarayo , waxaana maanta la dhihi karaa waa Umadda ugu liidata caalamka marka la eego qaabka ay u fikirayaan.
Dhaq dhaqaaqa dib u xoreynta Somali galbeed waxaa baryahan danbe af gambi ku samayay beesha Ogaadeen oo dalkii Somali Galbeed u bixisay "Ogaadeenya" arrinkaan oo bilawday 1995 tii ayaa cajaaib ah in meel ay Somali weyn ku nooshahay loo baxsho magac beeled ma sax baa
Marka **** Salaan, salaan ka dib suáal aad u qiimo badan ayaad keentay. Dalkan Somali galbeed la yiraahdo waxaa daga dhamaan qabiilada Somaaliyeed oo dhan marka ma haboona in loogu yeero magac beel (Ogadeenya)ee waxaa haboon in loogu yeero Somali Galbeed. Saan ognahay cadoowga Somaalida wuxuu mar walba isku dayaa in la kala qaybiyo umada Somaaliyeed oo qas iyo casaabiyad qabiil lagu beero.
Anigoo sharaf weyn u haya beesha Ogaadeen ee Somaliyeed iyo doorka dheer ay ka cayarto xoreynta dalkaa Somali Galbeed hadana dadka ku nool dalkaa Ogadeenku kama badna boqolkiiba 20%.
Soomali galbeed waxaa ku nool:
1)Waqooyiga Somali galbeed Beesha Dir oo ay ka mid yihiin Ciise,Gurgure,Akisho,Isaaq,Barsuug,Gadabuursi,Jaarse,Gaadsan,Guure,Gariire,Fiqi Muxumad,Fiqi Khayre,Qubeys,Jiido,Obo,Mandaluug,Madigaan,Bajimaal iyo qaarkale oo badan.
2)Qaybaha Dhexe waxaa Dagan Daarood:
Abasguul, Bartire,Yabare, Ogadeen,Gilimeys,Dhulbahante,Mareexaan,Majeerteen(baciyahan),Harti gaab iyo beelo kale oo badan.
3)Waxaa daga dalkaa Gabooyo (Madiibaan-Midgaan)
4)Hawiye: Karanle Hawiye,Gaaljecel,Sheekhaal,Hiraab,Jajeele iyo beelo kale oo badan.
5)Beelaha /Samaale /Dir/Hawiye ayaa u badan Koonfurta iyo aaga Mooyaale oo ay ka mid yihiin: Gare, Dogoodi, Gadsan,Guure, Gariire,Bajimaal,Xawaadle,Ajuuran,Suure,Fiqi Muxumud.
6)Raxanweeyn fara badan oo ay ka mid yihiin Gasar guudo/Hadame iyo beelo kale oo badan ayaa dalkaa dagan.
7)Beelaha Shebeele,Reer baare, Kaboole,Duubo,iyo beeralay kale oo fara badan ayaa ku sii nool oo Ogaandeka barkii ka badan.
8)Ugu danbeen waxaa jira dad Muslimiina oo Somalida la dhaqan iyo af ah oo ka soo jeeda qowmiyada Oromada ayaa meel walba ku dhex baahsan oo dhex dagan Somalida oo ay ka mid yihiin Caruusada, Booranta,Gabrah, iyo Guuji.
Marka walaalo waa Khalad iyo gardaro in Ogaadeenya loo bixiyo dal loo wada dhan yahay. Beena ma fiicna Dir ayaa u qalanta in loo baxasho dalkaa intii Ogadeen la oron lahaa.
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Replying to:
Inta badan Saxaafadda Caalamka iyo Dadka ka warhaya Siyaasadda Soomaaliya waxaa ay ugu wacaan Gobolka Soomaalida ee dalkaasi Ethiopia (Soomali Galbeed ama Killilka 5aad) sababtoo ah waxaa ay ku dabaqayaan magaca Soomaalinimo iyo in dhamaan beelaha wada daga Gobolkaasi ay hal hadaf ah yeeshaan si looga gudbo dhibaatada gumaysiga ee Ethiopia.
Arinkaasi waxaa si wayan usoo dhoweeyay dhamaan soomaalida iyo inta jecel in laga ahortago kuwa wada qabiilka ee damiirkooda ku koobay in ay ku faanaan Beel ama waqtiga lagu lumiyo iyadoo aan la ixtiraamin dadka markaasi kula dagan oo iyagaba Beelo uun kasoo jeeda.
Dhulka Soomaalida ee Ethiopia waxaa dagan Beelo Soomaaliyeed oo ay kamid Yihiin Ogaadeen, Sheekhaal, Isaaq, Duubo, Dir, Karanle, dhulbahante, majeerteen iyo kuwo kale oo aad u fara abdaan oo ilaa 30 ka badan lagu qiyaaso oo dhamaantood ah Soomaali ka soo jeeda Beelaha Soomaalida oo dhan maadaama uu dhul soomaaliyeed yahay waana dhul aad u balaaran oo Malaayiin qof ay ku noolyihiin.
Hadaba Iyadoo taariikh ahaan la ogyahay dagaaladii ka dhashay Gobolkaasi ee dhexmaray Ethiopia iyo Soomaaliya si Gobolkaasi uu soomaali Weyn wax ula qaybsado ayaa waxaa hadana wax lala yaabo ah in Dhul Soomaali oo dhani ay dagantahay loogu magac daro Beel Magaceeda halkii magacii Soomaali uun la sii wadi lahaa.
Ururka ONLF ee uu Hogaamiye Maxamed Cusmaan ayaa waxaa ay dastuurkooda ku saleeyeen in ay Gobolkaasi ka badalaan Magaca Soomaalyeed loona bixiyo Magaca Ogadenia iyadoo Taliskii **** ee Ethiopia uu dhaqaale ku siiyay Ururkan in ay Magacaasi qaataan si uu ugu tuso dad qabiil ka doorbiday Soomaali.
Waxaana nasiib daro ah in ilaa hadda Ururka ONLF uu sheego in dhulkaasi ay Beeshooda leedahay isla markaana ay ka qaybgalayaan dagaal walba oo looga hortagyo cidii aan Magacaasi ka tirsanayan.
Mar aan la kulmay Maxamed Cusmaan waxaa aan waydiiyay maxaa idinku wata arinkaasi waxaana uu sheegay in ay ogyihiin in Qabiilo badan ay dagaan Gobolka hase yeeshee uu magacaasi hirgalay kuna dadaalayaan in ay ku badalaan mid aan ahayn Qabiilka.
hadaba waxaa Soomaalida lagu tiriyaa dadka ugu beenta badan aduunka maadaama Beel walba ay sheegato in ay xaq u leeyihiin waxyaabo xaq daro ah oo aan ku wanaagsnayn Islaamka
Waxaa kaloo aan la yaabaa sida Beelaha Soomaalidu ay ugu dhaqmaan qabiilka iyo in qof walba uu iska dhaadhiciyo waxyaabo aan jirin oo Jahli laga dhadhansanayo sida anagaa ugu badan iyo anagaa ugu xoog wayn.
Dhibaatada kale ee Soomaalida haysata ee jahligu uu kamid yahay waxaa iyana kamid ah in soomaalidu aanay waxba isku ogolayn isla markaana ay u fahmeen dagaalka iyo dhiiga la daadiyo mid sharaf lagu gaarayo , waxaana maanta la dhihi karaa waa Umadda ugu liidata caalamka marka la eego qaabka ay u fikirayaan.
Monday, November 21, 2011
Beesha Direed Somali Dir Clan Somali English paper
Dir clan
Beesha Direed - Somali Dir clan and their sub-clans Somali Dir Clan
A new geneology of the Dir clan has recently appeared on the internet at the above address;However, another Dir man listed the following list.
This List appeared on (Awad) home page. Please those of you who are familiar with the clan affiliations of the Dir help us in perfecting this list and add any corrections.
Southern Dir point of veiw.
Beelah Direed ee konfurta Somalia (Mudug/Galgaduud/Sh.Hoose) dagan waxa ay sheegan in odeyga Direed uu dhalay Afar wiil oo kala ah: Madaxeyne Direed oo curad ah, Mahe Direed oo ku xigeen ah, iyo labada kale oo kala ah Madoobe Direed iyo Mandaluug Direed oo ugu yar da'a ahaan marka la eego. Taarikhiyan waxa ay rumeysanyihiin Dirka Galbeedka iyo Konfurta dagan dhoor qodob oo ku saabsan tariikhda hore.
1)Dadka Direed in ay ka yimaadeen dhankan Galbeedka bilawgii, kunsano ka hor.
2)Magaca Dir in uu macnahiisu yahay "Fir" ama Ab. Oo lagu macneyn karo geesi ama Dhiire.
3)Konfurta Dirta dagan wexey rumeysan yihiin in ay Dirka xukumi jireen Saladiin loo yaqiin ROOBLE oo ahaa ilaaliyaasha Xeerka iyo caadada beesha. Rooble- Xeerbeegti,Qareemo, amanduuleyaal,Roobdoonayal,iyo mareynta reerka ayaa lagu aqoon jiray.Guud ahaana waxa ay ilaalin jireen xeerka oo Dirku rumeysnaa in ay ka dhaxleen Dir Aji abkoodi hore. Madaxdan oo loo aqoon jiray Roobleyaash dadku wey ixtiraami jireen ila heer xitaa isha laguma godi jirin, oo xitaa "ILKULULe" ayaa loo aqoon jiray.
4)Waxa kaloo ay rumeysan yihiin in Zeylac magalada la yiraahdo ay Dir badan soo jidatay qarnigii (700 AD) halkaas oo ay ka soo dageen Asxaab badan oo Rasuulka(Caleyhi salatu wa salaam) u soo diray magaalada Zailac Hijradii koowad. Oo dadka Direed iyo Canfarta (Oday Caliga) ay waagii danbe ka wada asaseen labo boqortooyo oo la kala dhihi jiray CIFAT iyo CAdal.
5)Dirta koonfurta iyo Galbeedka dagan waxa ay rumeeysan yihiin oo kale in 1400 ay dhaceen dagaalo far badan oo xabashida iyo muslimiinta is dagaaleen. Ilaa ay xabashida oo adeegsaneysa (Portugees)burtaqiis ay cagta mariyeen boqortooyoyinkii Musliminta oo kuwa Direed ee Cifat iyo Awda ka mid ahayeen
6)Dhamaan waxa ay rumeysan yihiin Dirka in ay door weyn ka ciyaareen fidinta diinta Somalia iyo Ethiopia dhexdooda. Sheekhyada waaweyn ee geeska Afrika sida Sheikh Xuseen Bali, Aw Barkadle, Awbarre iyo qaar kale ay Cadal iyo Cifad ka soo jeedan
Beelaha Biyomaal iyo Suure iyo Guure waxa ay sheegan in 1600-1750 ay u soo guureen duleedka dalka (Gobalada dhexe iyo labada wabi dhexdooda) mudo yar ka dib dagaladii Axamed Gurey iyo Amxaarada.
*MADAXWEYN DIR Ali 1)Guureh 2)Jiide 3)Gariire 4)Akisho 5)Layiile 6)Gurgure 7)Wardey *Jarso * Dayle *Reer Awsaciid *Guurejano *Madigaan *Barsuug * Dheere Madaxweyn
MAAHE DIR Maxamed Xiniftire Biyamal Isaaq Gaadsan Bajimaal Dabruube Suure (caballe & Qubeys) Magadle Quranyow maxamed(Gare) iyo Quurac
*MANDALUUG DIR Madaluug (southern Madaluug) Gadabuursi *
*MADOOBE DIR Ciise *QALDHO DIR Noole Warday Jarso Babili Randiile Gabro Digoodi Ajuuran Read and submit comments[1]. Link. submitted by Agoon under Agoon 's Channel on 12/26/2004 @ 8:44 AM(UTC) Rate This 0 1 2 3 4 log this
The Dir Clan Political Parties in Ethiopia and Somali region 5 USP - Partito Unito Somalo, si sta cercando di radicare nel Puntland, composto da clan Daarood/Dulbahante e Warsangeli appoggiato dalle caste dei Midgan e dei Tumal; leader MOhamed Abdi Hashi e Ahmed Gure Aden opera nel Somaliland orientale fra Las Anod e Las Koreh. *Calan Gaduud (Bandiera Rossa) gruppo opposto al SNM. *FLCS - composto dai clan Dir, Isse e Gadabuursi, opera nelle regioni di Zeilah e di Gibuti. *SNM - Movimento Nazionale Somalo - composto dal clan dir, Isaq, Habar Yunis, il gruppo è condotto da Abdurahman Ahmed Ali "Tur", 1° presidente della repubblica de facto del Somaliland dal 91 al 93. Ovviamente è riconducibile nella zona centrale e Nord della Somalia (Somaliland). *SDA - Alleanza Democratica Somala, del clan Dir/Gadabuursi, stanno nel distretto di Borama in Somalia del Nord, lo stato attuale del SDA è poco chiaro, leader della formazione è Mohamed Farah A. U.N.D.P (On the net) Dir Movements in Region 5 Ethiopia GLF (Gurgura Liberation Front) led by Abdelasis Ahmed HDP (Horiyal Democratic Party), from the WSLF (Western Somali Liberation Front), led by Abdi Ismail and representing the Gadabursi The IGLF (Issa and Gurgura Liberation Front), headed by Riyaale Ahmed, which, since a split in 1991, only defends Issa interests (essentially the control of the Djibouti-Ethiopian railway line). The pro-government ESDL which hope to become part of the EPRDF is headed by current Transport minister Abdulmejid Hussein (Issa Habar Awal). It has 76 of the 139 seats in the Regional Council and 15 of the Somali Region's 23 seats in the House of Peoples' Representatives, as well as the two seats for the autonomous city of Dire Dawa. Though it has little support among the Ogaden, the ESDL is backed by the northern clans, the , Dir (Issa,Issaq, Gadabursi, Gurgure) and the non-Ogaden Darod (Bartire, Yabare, Mejertein, Dhulbahante). Some southern Dir clans (Garre, Digoodiya) also support the ESDL. Also the Dir related Hawiye sympathizes with the group. Various Dir groups as :Surre,Qubeys, Fiqi Muxumed, Nacadoor, Gadsan, Badimal,Gariire, Guure,Akisho, Fiqi Cumar& Fiqi Yahye and Khayre) Naiposte kay If you see yourself as an Island you will become an Island. sa Fri Dec 31 09:18:14 EST 2004 ni Agoon. reply to this post Comments Gadabuursi siduu isku arko Agoon walaal waxan idii bayaaminayaa,in ay
DIR ay ahayd 14 nin oo walaalo ah kaliya afar ka mi ahi ay hadda ku nool yihiin Geeska-Afrika waxana ay kala yihiin:- 1-Mandaluug dir oo ah Gadabuursi ahaana boqorkii ugu dambeeyay,magaciisuna uu ahaa Cali Cumar Mandaluug Dir ka dib markii qabsaday Gedo Plateu ee qabsaday min Ganaane Plateu ilaa Gedo loo magacdaray Gedonabiirsy taasi oo ah Gadabiisay tafiirtiina ku kala nooshay Min Kenya ilaa Djabuuti una badan yihiin Ethiopia,ahaana hormoodkii Ifat Kingdom oo ay hogaaminayeen Curaddii Makadoor (sida Sa'ad diin,Ahmed Gurey iyo Amiin Nuur(oo gurgure dhashay lana koray Gurgure oo Hoyaddii ah nabidoor ama Ina-aw-bare). 2-Madaxwayne Dir oo ah kuwa u badan oo aan ka garan Gurgure,gaadsan ,Akisho iyo kuwo kale oo aanan halkan ku soo koobi karin. 3-Mahade dir oo ah Isaaq,iyo Biya-maal iyo kuwo kale. 4-Madoobe Dir oo ah Ciisa Kaliya una yar. hadaba taariikhda Somali waxa uu ninkii u horeeyay Saciid oo dhalay Samaroon waana ninka laga maqlay Somali ahana abihii unugii IFAT kingdom of Islam dhalyna Raga ay ka mid yihiin Sa'ad-Diin,Gobe,Samaroon Iyo XeebJire,hadana waxa uu Sheikh SAciid ku aasan yahay dhul badeed u jira Saylac 60km xaga bada,hadaba waa inaan soo noolaynaa taariikhdii Dir. posted to Beesha Direed - Somali Dir clan and their sub-clans. at Fri Dec 31 09:28:35 EST 2004.
Beesha Direed - Somali Dir clan and their sub-clans Somali Dir Clan
A new geneology of the Dir clan has recently appeared on the internet at the above address;However, another Dir man listed the following list.
This List appeared on (Awad) home page. Please those of you who are familiar with the clan affiliations of the Dir help us in perfecting this list and add any corrections.
Southern Dir point of veiw.
Beelah Direed ee konfurta Somalia (Mudug/Galgaduud/Sh.Hoose) dagan waxa ay sheegan in odeyga Direed uu dhalay Afar wiil oo kala ah: Madaxeyne Direed oo curad ah, Mahe Direed oo ku xigeen ah, iyo labada kale oo kala ah Madoobe Direed iyo Mandaluug Direed oo ugu yar da'a ahaan marka la eego. Taarikhiyan waxa ay rumeysanyihiin Dirka Galbeedka iyo Konfurta dagan dhoor qodob oo ku saabsan tariikhda hore.
1)Dadka Direed in ay ka yimaadeen dhankan Galbeedka bilawgii, kunsano ka hor.
2)Magaca Dir in uu macnahiisu yahay "Fir" ama Ab. Oo lagu macneyn karo geesi ama Dhiire.
3)Konfurta Dirta dagan wexey rumeysan yihiin in ay Dirka xukumi jireen Saladiin loo yaqiin ROOBLE oo ahaa ilaaliyaasha Xeerka iyo caadada beesha. Rooble- Xeerbeegti,Qareemo, amanduuleyaal,Roobdoonayal,iyo mareynta reerka ayaa lagu aqoon jiray.Guud ahaana waxa ay ilaalin jireen xeerka oo Dirku rumeysnaa in ay ka dhaxleen Dir Aji abkoodi hore. Madaxdan oo loo aqoon jiray Roobleyaash dadku wey ixtiraami jireen ila heer xitaa isha laguma godi jirin, oo xitaa "ILKULULe" ayaa loo aqoon jiray.
4)Waxa kaloo ay rumeysan yihiin in Zeylac magalada la yiraahdo ay Dir badan soo jidatay qarnigii (700 AD) halkaas oo ay ka soo dageen Asxaab badan oo Rasuulka(Caleyhi salatu wa salaam) u soo diray magaalada Zailac Hijradii koowad. Oo dadka Direed iyo Canfarta (Oday Caliga) ay waagii danbe ka wada asaseen labo boqortooyo oo la kala dhihi jiray CIFAT iyo CAdal.
5)Dirta koonfurta iyo Galbeedka dagan waxa ay rumeeysan yihiin oo kale in 1400 ay dhaceen dagaalo far badan oo xabashida iyo muslimiinta is dagaaleen. Ilaa ay xabashida oo adeegsaneysa (Portugees)burtaqiis ay cagta mariyeen boqortooyoyinkii Musliminta oo kuwa Direed ee Cifat iyo Awda ka mid ahayeen
6)Dhamaan waxa ay rumeysan yihiin Dirka in ay door weyn ka ciyaareen fidinta diinta Somalia iyo Ethiopia dhexdooda. Sheekhyada waaweyn ee geeska Afrika sida Sheikh Xuseen Bali, Aw Barkadle, Awbarre iyo qaar kale ay Cadal iyo Cifad ka soo jeedan
Beelaha Biyomaal iyo Suure iyo Guure waxa ay sheegan in 1600-1750 ay u soo guureen duleedka dalka (Gobalada dhexe iyo labada wabi dhexdooda) mudo yar ka dib dagaladii Axamed Gurey iyo Amxaarada.
*MADAXWEYN DIR Ali 1)Guureh 2)Jiide 3)Gariire 4)Akisho 5)Layiile 6)Gurgure 7)Wardey *Jarso * Dayle *Reer Awsaciid *Guurejano *Madigaan *Barsuug * Dheere Madaxweyn
MAAHE DIR Maxamed Xiniftire Biyamal Isaaq Gaadsan Bajimaal Dabruube Suure (caballe & Qubeys) Magadle Quranyow maxamed(Gare) iyo Quurac
*MANDALUUG DIR Madaluug (southern Madaluug) Gadabuursi *
*MADOOBE DIR Ciise *QALDHO DIR Noole Warday Jarso Babili Randiile Gabro Digoodi Ajuuran Read and submit comments[1]. Link. submitted by Agoon under Agoon 's Channel on 12/26/2004 @ 8:44 AM(UTC) Rate This 0 1 2 3 4 log this
The Dir Clan Political Parties in Ethiopia and Somali region 5 USP - Partito Unito Somalo, si sta cercando di radicare nel Puntland, composto da clan Daarood/Dulbahante e Warsangeli appoggiato dalle caste dei Midgan e dei Tumal; leader MOhamed Abdi Hashi e Ahmed Gure Aden opera nel Somaliland orientale fra Las Anod e Las Koreh. *Calan Gaduud (Bandiera Rossa) gruppo opposto al SNM. *FLCS - composto dai clan Dir, Isse e Gadabuursi, opera nelle regioni di Zeilah e di Gibuti. *SNM - Movimento Nazionale Somalo - composto dal clan dir, Isaq, Habar Yunis, il gruppo è condotto da Abdurahman Ahmed Ali "Tur", 1° presidente della repubblica de facto del Somaliland dal 91 al 93. Ovviamente è riconducibile nella zona centrale e Nord della Somalia (Somaliland). *SDA - Alleanza Democratica Somala, del clan Dir/Gadabuursi, stanno nel distretto di Borama in Somalia del Nord, lo stato attuale del SDA è poco chiaro, leader della formazione è Mohamed Farah A. U.N.D.P (On the net) Dir Movements in Region 5 Ethiopia GLF (Gurgura Liberation Front) led by Abdelasis Ahmed HDP (Horiyal Democratic Party), from the WSLF (Western Somali Liberation Front), led by Abdi Ismail and representing the Gadabursi The IGLF (Issa and Gurgura Liberation Front), headed by Riyaale Ahmed, which, since a split in 1991, only defends Issa interests (essentially the control of the Djibouti-Ethiopian railway line). The pro-government ESDL which hope to become part of the EPRDF is headed by current Transport minister Abdulmejid Hussein (Issa Habar Awal). It has 76 of the 139 seats in the Regional Council and 15 of the Somali Region's 23 seats in the House of Peoples' Representatives, as well as the two seats for the autonomous city of Dire Dawa. Though it has little support among the Ogaden, the ESDL is backed by the northern clans, the , Dir (Issa,Issaq, Gadabursi, Gurgure) and the non-Ogaden Darod (Bartire, Yabare, Mejertein, Dhulbahante). Some southern Dir clans (Garre, Digoodiya) also support the ESDL. Also the Dir related Hawiye sympathizes with the group. Various Dir groups as :Surre,Qubeys, Fiqi Muxumed, Nacadoor, Gadsan, Badimal,Gariire, Guure,Akisho, Fiqi Cumar& Fiqi Yahye and Khayre) Naiposte kay If you see yourself as an Island you will become an Island. sa Fri Dec 31 09:18:14 EST 2004 ni Agoon. reply to this post Comments Gadabuursi siduu isku arko Agoon walaal waxan idii bayaaminayaa,in ay
DIR ay ahayd 14 nin oo walaalo ah kaliya afar ka mi ahi ay hadda ku nool yihiin Geeska-Afrika waxana ay kala yihiin:- 1-Mandaluug dir oo ah Gadabuursi ahaana boqorkii ugu dambeeyay,magaciisuna uu ahaa Cali Cumar Mandaluug Dir ka dib markii qabsaday Gedo Plateu ee qabsaday min Ganaane Plateu ilaa Gedo loo magacdaray Gedonabiirsy taasi oo ah Gadabiisay tafiirtiina ku kala nooshay Min Kenya ilaa Djabuuti una badan yihiin Ethiopia,ahaana hormoodkii Ifat Kingdom oo ay hogaaminayeen Curaddii Makadoor (sida Sa'ad diin,Ahmed Gurey iyo Amiin Nuur(oo gurgure dhashay lana koray Gurgure oo Hoyaddii ah nabidoor ama Ina-aw-bare). 2-Madaxwayne Dir oo ah kuwa u badan oo aan ka garan Gurgure,gaadsan ,Akisho iyo kuwo kale oo aanan halkan ku soo koobi karin. 3-Mahade dir oo ah Isaaq,iyo Biya-maal iyo kuwo kale. 4-Madoobe Dir oo ah Ciisa Kaliya una yar. hadaba taariikhda Somali waxa uu ninkii u horeeyay Saciid oo dhalay Samaroon waana ninka laga maqlay Somali ahana abihii unugii IFAT kingdom of Islam dhalyna Raga ay ka mid yihiin Sa'ad-Diin,Gobe,Samaroon Iyo XeebJire,hadana waxa uu Sheikh SAciid ku aasan yahay dhul badeed u jira Saylac 60km xaga bada,hadaba waa inaan soo noolaynaa taariikhdii Dir. posted to Beesha Direed - Somali Dir clan and their sub-clans. at Fri Dec 31 09:28:35 EST 2004.
Saturday, October 1, 2011
Saldanadii Baargaal -qaybtii 1 aad
Saldanadii Baargaal -qaybtii 1 aad
walaalayaal waxaan halkan idinku soo gudbinaayaa sheeko taariikhi ah oo ka sheekaynaysa fatro aad iyo aad muhiim ugu ahayd taariikhda soomaaliya , balse nasiib xumo aan si fiican loo diwaan galin marka sheekadu sidan baa loo soo wariyaye ee bal akhris wacan :
Boqor Cismaan Maxamuud, wuxuu ku dhashay Baargaal sanadku markuu ahaa 1849-kii. Waxaa lagu boqray meesha la yiraahdo Noobir ee u dhexaysa Iskushuban iyo Beyla sanadkii 1860-kii. Sida ay caadadu ahayd, waxaa ku caana-qubay nin u dhashay beesha Cali Saleebaan. Boqorku wuxuu ahaa nindka uguna cimri dheeraa uguna berya-samaad wacnaa maamulladii soo maray Majeertiinya. Isaga oo da´diisu eeyan 20 gaarin ayuu boqor noqday, 80 jirna waa uu ku geeryooday. Taas ayaa keentay in uu la kulmo umuuro xiiso u yeelay taariikhda maamulkiisa. Waxaa kamid ah :
1. Khal-khalkii siyaasadeed ee ku yimid maamulka kaddib markii ay bilaabatay mucaaradadii Yuusuf Cali.
2. Is-dareensiga dhex-yiil maamulkiisii iyo kuu Yuusuf Cali ka dhisay Hobyo.
3. Colaadihii gudaha oo ay ugu wayneed kuwii uu la galay Daraawiishta.
4. Colaadihii dibadda, gaar ahaan gumaysigii Talyaaniga oo iridaha u xiray taariikhihii taxnaa ee maamulkaas.
Waxaa in la xuso mudan in degaanka boqortooyadu uu xilligaas ahaa isha ugu wayn oo maamulkii Ingiriiska ee Cadan fadhiyay uu ka heli jiray raashinka, gaar ahaan hilibka. Taasina waxay qayb xoog leh ka qaadatay kobcidda dhaqaalihii degaanka. Maamulku wuxuu sii xoojiyay xiriiradii diblomaasiyadeed ee uu la lahaa xarumihii ganacsiga caalamiga.
Waxaa jiray boqoro ka dhisnaa dalalka ay la lahaayeen xiriirka ganacsi, kuwaas oo boqortooyadu ay xiriir diblomaasiyadeed la lahayd. Waxaa halkaas socdaallo ku tegi jireen danjirayaal wareega oo boqortooyadu lahayd. Danjirayaasha boqortooyadu waxay yiqiineen afafka Hinduuga, Carabiga, Ingiriiska iyo Talyaaniga. Waxaa u caansan ninka la yiraahdo Shirwac Cismaan, oo isagu kamid ahaa danjirayaashii Nuur Cismaan. Sheeko kaftan ah oo faaftay ayaa waxay tilmaamaysaa mar uu Nuur Cismaan (oo boqor ku meel-gaar ahaa, walaalkiisna ahaa) u raacay magaalada Cadan ! ! ee dalka Yaman.
Nuur nin aad u madow ayuu ahaa. Markay la kulmeen suldaankii ay u socdeen oo uu is baray labadii boqor, ayuu boqorkii Yaman hadal kaftan ah yiri oo macnaheedu ahaa :
"
Haddii iftiinkiinu caynkan yahay, mugdigiinu sidee noqon
".
Xaaji Cismaan Xaaji Yuusuf oo ahaa la taliyaha boqor Cismaan, ayaa ka sheekeeyay mar uu wafdi ahaan ku tegay degmada Mukulli isaga oo dhambaal ka siday boqor Cismaan. Mukulli waxay xilligaas xarun u ahayd suldaankii Xadramuut oo magiciisa la oran jiray suldaan Gaceyti, kaas oo xiriir wanaagsan ay la lahaayeen. Wafdigan oo ujeeddada socdaalkoodu ahaa in ay suldaanka kala soo xaajoodaan in uu qiimo jaban kaga iibiyo hub ay doonayeen in ay ka iibsadaan. Xaaji Cismaan wuxuu yiri :
" Waxaa la ii diray Mukulli si aan hub u soo iibiyo. 600 oo wan ayaa doon la ii saaray. Saddex lool oo dahab oo uu garaamkoodu ku qoran yahayna boqorka ayaa ii dhiibay. Lacag melyan gaaraya oo isugu jirta Qirish iyo Rubiyad ayaa kiishado la iigu guray.Waxaa kale oo la ii dhiibay waraaq uu igu yiri gaarsii suldaan Gaceyti. Doonidii baan ku dhacay. Markay Mukulli gaartay baan askartii ku iri : Arigan suldaanka ayaa lehe ha layga dejiyo.
Markii suldaankii la war-geliyay, wuxuu ku soo jawaabay in arigana layga qabto, aniga iyo ragga ila socdana nala marti-geliyo. Doonidana ay halkeeda inoo joogto. Daar dabaq ah oo ay martida geeyaan ayaa layna dejiyay. Suldaanku, wuxuu raggiisii faray in layna wanaajiyo, raashinkana noocii aanu doono leynoo keeno.
Daartii saddex maalmood baa inoogu dhamaatay. Kaddib ayuu suldaankii inoo yeeray. Waxaan horay u soo qaatay loolkii dahabka ahaa iyo waraaqdii aan suldaanka u waday. Waxaan u imid isaga oo fadhigii iyo kuraatsiiba hagaajiyay. Wuxuu ku lebistay qamiis culus oo oogada dahab ku leh. Taaj dahab ah buu madaxa saaray. Isaga iyo nin wasiir u ahaa ayaa meel halkoo ah ka soo jeeda. Waxaa ley baneeyay kursi suldaanka dhiniciisa ah. Markaan soo galnay ayaa nin dhawaaqay oo dadkii ku yiri : "Istaaga".
Suldaankii baan hor istaagey oo aan gacan-qaaday. Dabadeed wasiiradiisii iyo askartii ayaa i salaamay. Kaddib, fariiso ayuu i yiri. Dahabkii ayaan meel agtiisa ah dhigay. Markaasaan fariistay. Waraaqdii ayaan suldaankii u gudbiyay. Dabadeed nin wasiiradii kamid ah ayuu inta u dhiibay ku yiri : Akhri oo ku dheereyso hadalka.
Suldaanku madaxa ayuu ridayay intii waraaqda la akhrinayay oo wuxuu la yaabanaa ereyada carabiga ah oo ku qoran waraaqda. Markii la dhameeyay buu yiri : " Ii dhiib waraaqda".
Waa loo dhiibey. Markaasuu jeedaashey waraaqdii. Misana Xaaji Cismaan buu jeedaashey ".
Xaajigu wuxuu ahaa nin dherer badan oo midab furan, quruxna loo dhameeyay.
" Suldaankii baa marna Xaajiga eega, marna dahabka hortiisa yaal, marna waraaqda gacantiisa ku jirta. Kaddib Xaajigii ayuu su´aalay oo ku yiri : Ma nin Carab ah baa soo qoray waraaqda ?
Xaaji Cismaan : Maya, waxaa qoray nin Soomaali ah oo gacan-yare u ah boqorka.
Suldaankii : Ma nin Soomaali ah baa sidatan wax u qoray oo farta caynkan ah dhigay !.
Markuu suldaankii furay hadalkii, ayuu Xaajigii yiri : Waxaanu kaa dooneynaa inaad inoo jebiso qiimaha aad hubka inooga iibiso, waayo hub badan ayaanu qaadaneynaa.
Suldaankii : Waayahay, intaa waan yeelayaa. Halakan hubku mayaal. Wuxuu yaalaa Shixir.
Dabadeed wuxuu sheegay qiimo wax badan ka jaban kii hore, wuxuuna yiri : Waraaq baan iyana u dirayaa, idinna idiin qorayaa oo waan ku siinayaa. Haddaba dhaqaalaha aad wadato wixii ay kuu gooyaan oo hub ah iibso.
Suldaankii : Goormaad tegeysaa ?
Xaaji Cismaan : Beri subax.
Suldaankii : Waxaan doonta kuu saarayaa 30 sanduuq oo saanad ah iyo 300 oo qori oo aad hadiyad ugu geyso boqor Cismaan.
Subaxdii baan doonidii soo aaday, mase rasaastii iyo qoryihii waxay diyaar ku yihiin xeebta. Doontii baa ley saarey, dabadeed Shixir ayaanu tagney. Waa nalagu soo dhoweeyay. Waxaa leynoo sheegay in waraaq ka timid suldaankii, sidaa darteed in leynoo jebinayo sicirka ". (Xaajiga waxaa ka weriyay Maxamuud Aw-Yuusuf).
Waxaa xusid mudan, waraaqda uu suldaanku la yaabay ereyada iyo qoraalka ku yiil, ninka qoray wuxuu ahaa Xaaji Jaamac Bilaal, oo boqorka xoghayn u ahaa.
Jaamac Bilaal wuxuu wax ku soo bartay dhulka Carabta. Wuxuu ku noolaa Cadan oo uu Ingiriiska iyo Carabigaba ka bartay. Wuxuu ahaa ninkii ugu horeeyay ee Soomaaliya ka asaasa dugsi hoose oo ay caruurta Soomaaliyeed wax ka bartaan. Caruurtii ugu horeysay ee dugsigiisa ka qalin-jebisay waxaa kamid ah jeneraal Cabdullaahi Hoolif. Dugsigaas oo loogu magac-daray Jaamac Bilaal, waxaa la oran jiray Macallin Jaamac, wuxuuna ku yiil bartamaha Xamar.
Yuusuf Cali, oo marna adeer u ahaa boqorka marna sodog, ayaa muranka dhex-maray isaga iyo boqor Cismaan waxaa sababay, is qaadan-waa ka dhexeeyay ag-joogayaashii boqorka iyo Yuusuf oo damcay in uu ka maroorsado maamulka. Arimaha la tilmaamo waxaa kamid ah, ag-joogayaasha oo ka hinaasay dadnimada loo hibeeyay Yuusuf. Waxaa kale oo jiray Yuusuf oo khasnaji u ahaa boqorka, ayaa dhaqaale badan oo damac geliyay ka ka helay howshii uu hayay. Cadaadis badan oo kaga yimid dhankii xaashida boqorka, dabadeed Yuusuf wuxuu bilaabay in uu asaaso unugii ugu horeeyay ee mucaarad ku ah maamulkii boqor Cismaan.
Wuxuu gacan ka haystay labadii bahood oo waawaynaa (ilma Maxamuud Xawaadane) iyo reerka la yiraahdo Yuusuf Cawlyahan (Siwaaqroon) oo reer abtigiis ah. Yuusuf waa l! ! a xiray, hantidiisiina waa lala wareegay. Mar inta la uleeyay uusan wax ficilo jawaab ah ka bixin ayuu kula baxay magaca Keenadiid. Taasina waxay ka dambeysay markii uu boqorku yiri :
" Iska daaya, kani waa Keene - diide " oo uu ula jeeday in uusan oggoleen in uu hoggaansamo.
Yuusuf ayaa muddo kaddib ku guulaystay in uu uruiyo xoog ciriiri geliyay maamulkii boqortooyada. Bilowgii sanadihii 1870-aadkii, Yuusuf wuxuu caddaystay mucaaradnimo maamulka. Boqortooyadii ayaa waxay ku sigatay in dagaal sokeeye ka aloosmo, kaas oo sigay in dhiig badan daato haddii uusan soo dhex-galeen nin maal-qabeen ahaa oo Cadan ka yimid. Ninkaas oo la´oran jiray Harti Bile, wuxuu u dhashay beesha Siwaaqroon, wuxuuna abti u ahaa Yuusuf Cali. Maal-qabeenkaasi wuxuu ku guulaystay in uu Yuusuf ku qanciyo in uu dibadda u dhoofo, kaddib markii uu siiyay xoolo uu ku ganacsado.
Muddo toban sanadood ku dhow ayuu Yuusuf ka ganacsanayay dalalka Khaliijka Carabta. Sanadkii 1878-kii wuxuu ku soo laabtay dalka. Laakiin markan wuxuu la soo laabtay aragti ka duwan tii hore ee uu qabay. Sida ku xusan sheekooyinka Soomaalida, Yuusuf Cali wuxuu ka soo degay meel kamid ah xeebta magaalada Hobyo. Degmadu waxay lahayd ceel biyo macaan iyo Khoori dabiici ah, taas ayaa waxay sabab u ahayd in ay marar ku soo leexdaan doonyaha degaanka maraya. Yuusuf wuxuu hoggaaminayay tiro doonyo ah oo ay la socdeen dadkii isaga la xulufada ahaa. Waxaa kale oo weheliyay farsamo yaqaano Carab ah (Meheri). Doonyaha waxaa u saarnaa hub, qalab dhismo, raashin iyo alaabo hadiyado ah. Yuusuf oo dhowr jeer oo hore, degmada yimid ayaa markan odeyaashii degaanka la dhigtay heshiis uu ku doonayay in si ku meel-gaar ah uu degaanka ugu noolaado. Ujeeddada Yuusuf Cali ayaa markii hore ahayd in uu cashuuro ka qaato doonyaha halkaas imanayay. Yuusuf ayaa mashruuciisa ka qarsaday beelihii Hawiye (Habar - Gidir) ee degaanka ku noolaa. Waxaa dhacday in beeluhu ay dareensadeen markii uu isku deyay in uu qalcad wayn ka dhiso degmadii Hobyo. Muddo gaaban kaddib, waxaa bilowday kacdoon ay beelihii degaanku kaga hor imanayeen mashruuca Yuusuf Cali uu damacsanaa in uu halkaas ka hirgeliyo. Kaddib markii uu hiilo ka helay beelaha Daarood, gaar ahaan kuwa Majeerteen ee degaanka ka ag-dhowaa, ayuu Yuusuf Cali ku guulaystay in uu muquuniyo kacdoonkii beelihii Hawiye. Dabadeed wuxuu halkaas ka asaasay saldanaddii Hobyood ee uu suldaanka ka noqday, dabadiisna uu wiilkiisii Cali Yuusuf dhaxlay. Saldanaddaas oo cimrigeedu ahaa 49 sano, waxaa burburiyay Talyaanigii, sanadkii 1927-kii.
Taariikhyahannada wax ka sheega maamulkan, xoogaaga ay ka qoreen waxay ku tilmaamaan in Yuusuf Cali uu ku guulaystay dowladdii ugu salka ballaarnayd ee Soomaaliya ka soo if-baxda muddadii u dhexeysay burburkii boqortooyadii Awdal iyo maamulkii gumaystayaasha. Xuduudda maamulkan ayaa wuxuu ahaa sidatan :
1. Xadka waqooyi - Togga Nugaal.
2. Xadka koonfur - degaanka degmada Ceel-buur.
3. Bariga - xeebta bad-waynta Hindiya.
4. Galbeedka . degmooyinka Goldogob iyo Gallaadi.
Muddo gaaban ayuu wuxuu ku dhisay ciidamo kala-danbayn leh. Wuxuu yeeshay calan doonyihiisa lagu garto iyo danjirayaal wareega. Maamulkii Yuusuf Cali wuxuu lahaa lacag dahab ah oo ka shaqayneesay degmooyinkii uu ka taliyay. Taasi waxay dhalisay, sida inoo iman doonta, in uu kamid noqdo xoogaggii laga aqoonsanaa degaanka.
Dhacdada uu Yuusuf Cali ku degay degmada Hobyo ayaa ahmiyad gaar ah waxay u leedahay taariikhda Soomaaliya, waana midda xudunta u ah khilaafka gaamuray ee dhex yaal beelo badan ee Soomaaliyeed. Nasiib darro, weli lama hayo aqoonyahanno is-xilqaamay oo diraasaad iyo baaritaan aqoon ku salaysan inta sameeya soo bandhiga taariikh ay Soomaalidu ka faa´iidaysto. I. M. Lewis oo ah nin ku xeel-dheer aqoonta Soomaali-baradka ah, wuxuu xusay in taariikhda Soomaaliyeed ay dhaawacan tahay inta ay dhacdadan ka maqantahay qoraalada aqooneed ee taariikhda dalkeena.
Muddo gaaban dabadeed, markii uu taabo-gal noqday maamulkii Yuusuf Cali, ayaa degmada Hobyo waxay noqotay mid la mataan ah Baargaal oo markaas ahayd magaalada ugu camiran degaanka. Labadaas degmo oo magaalo-madax u ahaa labadii maamul, ayaa xilligaas waxay ahaayeen xarumo siyaasad, ganacsi, aqoon iyo dhaqan. Kasokow xubnaha labada maamul ee halkaas fadhiyay, waxaa labada degmo ku sugnaa rag kamid ah culima-diinkii Soomaalida kuwoodii ugu aqoonta badnaa. Ragga wax ka degay magaalooyinkaas ee aqoonta diinta laga baran jiray waxaa laga xusi karaa shiikh Cumar Axmad Al as-hari oo ahaa ninkii ugu horeeyay oo Soomaali ah ee ka soo baxa Jaamacadda Al as-har, kaas oo muddo fadhiyay degmada Hobyo. Sidoo kale Baargaal waxaa fadhiyay shiikh la oran jiray shiikh Qudubi. Shiikhan oo kamid ahaa ragga wax ku soo bartay magaalada Harar ayaa tacliin joogto ah siin jiray dadka degaanka! ! , Waxaana loola tegi jiray wixii masaa´il diini ah.
Waxaa kale oo degmooyinkaas ku urursanaa abwaano heer qaran ah oo suugaantii ay curiyeen laga qiimeeyay gobollada Soomaaliyeed intooda badan. Abwaanadaas ayaa gabeyo is-shaafsan jiray iyda oo mid waliba uu difaacayo maamulkii uu la joogay. Waxay suugaantooda la beegsan jireen hadba dhacdada xiisaha leh ee kolkaas taagnayd iyo gabeyada looga soo tiriyo xarumihii laysaga tebin jiray suugaanta. Ragga suugaanta ku caanka ah ee xilligaas ku noolaa labadaas degmo, waxaa laga xusi karaa : Faratol Yuusuf Sharmaarke, Muuse Yuusuf Sharmaarke (Muuse Dhiidhi) iyo aabahood Yuusuf Sharmaarke Cismaan, Maxamuud Axmad Aw-Xuseen (Il-dab), Cismaan Yuusuf Keenadiid, Faarax Axmad Aw-xuseen, Cali Sharmaarke, Cismaan Sharmaarke, Xaaji Gooni, Axmad Busur, iyo kuwo kale.
Maxamad Cabdulle Xasan ayaa tilmaan wacan ka bixiyay noloshii ay xilligaas ku sugnaayeen degmooyinka maamulladaas. Isaga oo ka waramaya hodantooyada ka muuqatay noloshii xarumahaas iyo intii la hal-maalaysay, ayuu mariyay gabey ay tixihiisii kamid ahaayeen sidatan :
Waa nimanka deeqii hambaday hibo Ilaaheeye
Waa niman intay hodan yihiin hoo ku sii daraye
Waa niman gob baa lagu hirtaa lagu hagaagaaye
Waa nimaka daaraha hurdiyo harac dallaal weyne
Waa niman xariira huwanoo huga ku laafyoone
Waa nimanka haashaarka gole marada haafeyne
Waa nimanka doonyuhu Hindiga uga hirtaaniine
Waa niman haruur iyo bariis hoyga loo dhigaye
Waa nimanka haanfuuqayee timirtu hoos taalle
Waa niman haleeliyo hor-weyn heel ka buuxsadaye
Waa niman adduun lagu huroo maal hareerimine
Waa niman intay wada habceen heeshiguun dhicinye
Waa niman hub iyo dowladnimo haystay weligoode
Waa niman u heynseen fardaha halabsigoodiiye
Waa niman hal-qooqaha rogaal heegma weligoode
sidaasna waxaa ku dhamaaday qaybtii koowaad ee silsiladan aan isla kaashan doono sidii aan u soo aruurin lahayn marka waxaan idinka sugaynaa wixii fikrad ah iyo wixii fariin ahba
walaalayaal waxaan halkan idinku soo gudbinaayaa sheeko taariikhi ah oo ka sheekaynaysa fatro aad iyo aad muhiim ugu ahayd taariikhda soomaaliya , balse nasiib xumo aan si fiican loo diwaan galin marka sheekadu sidan baa loo soo wariyaye ee bal akhris wacan :
Boqor Cismaan Maxamuud, wuxuu ku dhashay Baargaal sanadku markuu ahaa 1849-kii. Waxaa lagu boqray meesha la yiraahdo Noobir ee u dhexaysa Iskushuban iyo Beyla sanadkii 1860-kii. Sida ay caadadu ahayd, waxaa ku caana-qubay nin u dhashay beesha Cali Saleebaan. Boqorku wuxuu ahaa nindka uguna cimri dheeraa uguna berya-samaad wacnaa maamulladii soo maray Majeertiinya. Isaga oo da´diisu eeyan 20 gaarin ayuu boqor noqday, 80 jirna waa uu ku geeryooday. Taas ayaa keentay in uu la kulmo umuuro xiiso u yeelay taariikhda maamulkiisa. Waxaa kamid ah :
1. Khal-khalkii siyaasadeed ee ku yimid maamulka kaddib markii ay bilaabatay mucaaradadii Yuusuf Cali.
2. Is-dareensiga dhex-yiil maamulkiisii iyo kuu Yuusuf Cali ka dhisay Hobyo.
3. Colaadihii gudaha oo ay ugu wayneed kuwii uu la galay Daraawiishta.
4. Colaadihii dibadda, gaar ahaan gumaysigii Talyaaniga oo iridaha u xiray taariikhihii taxnaa ee maamulkaas.
Waxaa in la xuso mudan in degaanka boqortooyadu uu xilligaas ahaa isha ugu wayn oo maamulkii Ingiriiska ee Cadan fadhiyay uu ka heli jiray raashinka, gaar ahaan hilibka. Taasina waxay qayb xoog leh ka qaadatay kobcidda dhaqaalihii degaanka. Maamulku wuxuu sii xoojiyay xiriiradii diblomaasiyadeed ee uu la lahaa xarumihii ganacsiga caalamiga.
Waxaa jiray boqoro ka dhisnaa dalalka ay la lahaayeen xiriirka ganacsi, kuwaas oo boqortooyadu ay xiriir diblomaasiyadeed la lahayd. Waxaa halkaas socdaallo ku tegi jireen danjirayaal wareega oo boqortooyadu lahayd. Danjirayaasha boqortooyadu waxay yiqiineen afafka Hinduuga, Carabiga, Ingiriiska iyo Talyaaniga. Waxaa u caansan ninka la yiraahdo Shirwac Cismaan, oo isagu kamid ahaa danjirayaashii Nuur Cismaan. Sheeko kaftan ah oo faaftay ayaa waxay tilmaamaysaa mar uu Nuur Cismaan (oo boqor ku meel-gaar ahaa, walaalkiisna ahaa) u raacay magaalada Cadan ! ! ee dalka Yaman.
Nuur nin aad u madow ayuu ahaa. Markay la kulmeen suldaankii ay u socdeen oo uu is baray labadii boqor, ayuu boqorkii Yaman hadal kaftan ah yiri oo macnaheedu ahaa :
"
Haddii iftiinkiinu caynkan yahay, mugdigiinu sidee noqon
".
Xaaji Cismaan Xaaji Yuusuf oo ahaa la taliyaha boqor Cismaan, ayaa ka sheekeeyay mar uu wafdi ahaan ku tegay degmada Mukulli isaga oo dhambaal ka siday boqor Cismaan. Mukulli waxay xilligaas xarun u ahayd suldaankii Xadramuut oo magiciisa la oran jiray suldaan Gaceyti, kaas oo xiriir wanaagsan ay la lahaayeen. Wafdigan oo ujeeddada socdaalkoodu ahaa in ay suldaanka kala soo xaajoodaan in uu qiimo jaban kaga iibiyo hub ay doonayeen in ay ka iibsadaan. Xaaji Cismaan wuxuu yiri :
" Waxaa la ii diray Mukulli si aan hub u soo iibiyo. 600 oo wan ayaa doon la ii saaray. Saddex lool oo dahab oo uu garaamkoodu ku qoran yahayna boqorka ayaa ii dhiibay. Lacag melyan gaaraya oo isugu jirta Qirish iyo Rubiyad ayaa kiishado la iigu guray.Waxaa kale oo la ii dhiibay waraaq uu igu yiri gaarsii suldaan Gaceyti. Doonidii baan ku dhacay. Markay Mukulli gaartay baan askartii ku iri : Arigan suldaanka ayaa lehe ha layga dejiyo.
Markii suldaankii la war-geliyay, wuxuu ku soo jawaabay in arigana layga qabto, aniga iyo ragga ila socdana nala marti-geliyo. Doonidana ay halkeeda inoo joogto. Daar dabaq ah oo ay martida geeyaan ayaa layna dejiyay. Suldaanku, wuxuu raggiisii faray in layna wanaajiyo, raashinkana noocii aanu doono leynoo keeno.
Daartii saddex maalmood baa inoogu dhamaatay. Kaddib ayuu suldaankii inoo yeeray. Waxaan horay u soo qaatay loolkii dahabka ahaa iyo waraaqdii aan suldaanka u waday. Waxaan u imid isaga oo fadhigii iyo kuraatsiiba hagaajiyay. Wuxuu ku lebistay qamiis culus oo oogada dahab ku leh. Taaj dahab ah buu madaxa saaray. Isaga iyo nin wasiir u ahaa ayaa meel halkoo ah ka soo jeeda. Waxaa ley baneeyay kursi suldaanka dhiniciisa ah. Markaan soo galnay ayaa nin dhawaaqay oo dadkii ku yiri : "Istaaga".
Suldaankii baan hor istaagey oo aan gacan-qaaday. Dabadeed wasiiradiisii iyo askartii ayaa i salaamay. Kaddib, fariiso ayuu i yiri. Dahabkii ayaan meel agtiisa ah dhigay. Markaasaan fariistay. Waraaqdii ayaan suldaankii u gudbiyay. Dabadeed nin wasiiradii kamid ah ayuu inta u dhiibay ku yiri : Akhri oo ku dheereyso hadalka.
Suldaanku madaxa ayuu ridayay intii waraaqda la akhrinayay oo wuxuu la yaabanaa ereyada carabiga ah oo ku qoran waraaqda. Markii la dhameeyay buu yiri : " Ii dhiib waraaqda".
Waa loo dhiibey. Markaasuu jeedaashey waraaqdii. Misana Xaaji Cismaan buu jeedaashey ".
Xaajigu wuxuu ahaa nin dherer badan oo midab furan, quruxna loo dhameeyay.
" Suldaankii baa marna Xaajiga eega, marna dahabka hortiisa yaal, marna waraaqda gacantiisa ku jirta. Kaddib Xaajigii ayuu su´aalay oo ku yiri : Ma nin Carab ah baa soo qoray waraaqda ?
Xaaji Cismaan : Maya, waxaa qoray nin Soomaali ah oo gacan-yare u ah boqorka.
Suldaankii : Ma nin Soomaali ah baa sidatan wax u qoray oo farta caynkan ah dhigay !.
Markuu suldaankii furay hadalkii, ayuu Xaajigii yiri : Waxaanu kaa dooneynaa inaad inoo jebiso qiimaha aad hubka inooga iibiso, waayo hub badan ayaanu qaadaneynaa.
Suldaankii : Waayahay, intaa waan yeelayaa. Halakan hubku mayaal. Wuxuu yaalaa Shixir.
Dabadeed wuxuu sheegay qiimo wax badan ka jaban kii hore, wuxuuna yiri : Waraaq baan iyana u dirayaa, idinna idiin qorayaa oo waan ku siinayaa. Haddaba dhaqaalaha aad wadato wixii ay kuu gooyaan oo hub ah iibso.
Suldaankii : Goormaad tegeysaa ?
Xaaji Cismaan : Beri subax.
Suldaankii : Waxaan doonta kuu saarayaa 30 sanduuq oo saanad ah iyo 300 oo qori oo aad hadiyad ugu geyso boqor Cismaan.
Subaxdii baan doonidii soo aaday, mase rasaastii iyo qoryihii waxay diyaar ku yihiin xeebta. Doontii baa ley saarey, dabadeed Shixir ayaanu tagney. Waa nalagu soo dhoweeyay. Waxaa leynoo sheegay in waraaq ka timid suldaankii, sidaa darteed in leynoo jebinayo sicirka ". (Xaajiga waxaa ka weriyay Maxamuud Aw-Yuusuf).
Waxaa xusid mudan, waraaqda uu suldaanku la yaabay ereyada iyo qoraalka ku yiil, ninka qoray wuxuu ahaa Xaaji Jaamac Bilaal, oo boqorka xoghayn u ahaa.
Jaamac Bilaal wuxuu wax ku soo bartay dhulka Carabta. Wuxuu ku noolaa Cadan oo uu Ingiriiska iyo Carabigaba ka bartay. Wuxuu ahaa ninkii ugu horeeyay ee Soomaaliya ka asaasa dugsi hoose oo ay caruurta Soomaaliyeed wax ka bartaan. Caruurtii ugu horeysay ee dugsigiisa ka qalin-jebisay waxaa kamid ah jeneraal Cabdullaahi Hoolif. Dugsigaas oo loogu magac-daray Jaamac Bilaal, waxaa la oran jiray Macallin Jaamac, wuxuuna ku yiil bartamaha Xamar.
Yuusuf Cali, oo marna adeer u ahaa boqorka marna sodog, ayaa muranka dhex-maray isaga iyo boqor Cismaan waxaa sababay, is qaadan-waa ka dhexeeyay ag-joogayaashii boqorka iyo Yuusuf oo damcay in uu ka maroorsado maamulka. Arimaha la tilmaamo waxaa kamid ah, ag-joogayaasha oo ka hinaasay dadnimada loo hibeeyay Yuusuf. Waxaa kale oo jiray Yuusuf oo khasnaji u ahaa boqorka, ayaa dhaqaale badan oo damac geliyay ka ka helay howshii uu hayay. Cadaadis badan oo kaga yimid dhankii xaashida boqorka, dabadeed Yuusuf wuxuu bilaabay in uu asaaso unugii ugu horeeyay ee mucaarad ku ah maamulkii boqor Cismaan.
Wuxuu gacan ka haystay labadii bahood oo waawaynaa (ilma Maxamuud Xawaadane) iyo reerka la yiraahdo Yuusuf Cawlyahan (Siwaaqroon) oo reer abtigiis ah. Yuusuf waa l! ! a xiray, hantidiisiina waa lala wareegay. Mar inta la uleeyay uusan wax ficilo jawaab ah ka bixin ayuu kula baxay magaca Keenadiid. Taasina waxay ka dambeysay markii uu boqorku yiri :
" Iska daaya, kani waa Keene - diide " oo uu ula jeeday in uusan oggoleen in uu hoggaansamo.
Yuusuf ayaa muddo kaddib ku guulaystay in uu uruiyo xoog ciriiri geliyay maamulkii boqortooyada. Bilowgii sanadihii 1870-aadkii, Yuusuf wuxuu caddaystay mucaaradnimo maamulka. Boqortooyadii ayaa waxay ku sigatay in dagaal sokeeye ka aloosmo, kaas oo sigay in dhiig badan daato haddii uusan soo dhex-galeen nin maal-qabeen ahaa oo Cadan ka yimid. Ninkaas oo la´oran jiray Harti Bile, wuxuu u dhashay beesha Siwaaqroon, wuxuuna abti u ahaa Yuusuf Cali. Maal-qabeenkaasi wuxuu ku guulaystay in uu Yuusuf ku qanciyo in uu dibadda u dhoofo, kaddib markii uu siiyay xoolo uu ku ganacsado.
Muddo toban sanadood ku dhow ayuu Yuusuf ka ganacsanayay dalalka Khaliijka Carabta. Sanadkii 1878-kii wuxuu ku soo laabtay dalka. Laakiin markan wuxuu la soo laabtay aragti ka duwan tii hore ee uu qabay. Sida ku xusan sheekooyinka Soomaalida, Yuusuf Cali wuxuu ka soo degay meel kamid ah xeebta magaalada Hobyo. Degmadu waxay lahayd ceel biyo macaan iyo Khoori dabiici ah, taas ayaa waxay sabab u ahayd in ay marar ku soo leexdaan doonyaha degaanka maraya. Yuusuf wuxuu hoggaaminayay tiro doonyo ah oo ay la socdeen dadkii isaga la xulufada ahaa. Waxaa kale oo weheliyay farsamo yaqaano Carab ah (Meheri). Doonyaha waxaa u saarnaa hub, qalab dhismo, raashin iyo alaabo hadiyado ah. Yuusuf oo dhowr jeer oo hore, degmada yimid ayaa markan odeyaashii degaanka la dhigtay heshiis uu ku doonayay in si ku meel-gaar ah uu degaanka ugu noolaado. Ujeeddada Yuusuf Cali ayaa markii hore ahayd in uu cashuuro ka qaato doonyaha halkaas imanayay. Yuusuf ayaa mashruuciisa ka qarsaday beelihii Hawiye (Habar - Gidir) ee degaanka ku noolaa. Waxaa dhacday in beeluhu ay dareensadeen markii uu isku deyay in uu qalcad wayn ka dhiso degmadii Hobyo. Muddo gaaban kaddib, waxaa bilowday kacdoon ay beelihii degaanku kaga hor imanayeen mashruuca Yuusuf Cali uu damacsanaa in uu halkaas ka hirgeliyo. Kaddib markii uu hiilo ka helay beelaha Daarood, gaar ahaan kuwa Majeerteen ee degaanka ka ag-dhowaa, ayuu Yuusuf Cali ku guulaystay in uu muquuniyo kacdoonkii beelihii Hawiye. Dabadeed wuxuu halkaas ka asaasay saldanaddii Hobyood ee uu suldaanka ka noqday, dabadiisna uu wiilkiisii Cali Yuusuf dhaxlay. Saldanaddaas oo cimrigeedu ahaa 49 sano, waxaa burburiyay Talyaanigii, sanadkii 1927-kii.
Taariikhyahannada wax ka sheega maamulkan, xoogaaga ay ka qoreen waxay ku tilmaamaan in Yuusuf Cali uu ku guulaystay dowladdii ugu salka ballaarnayd ee Soomaaliya ka soo if-baxda muddadii u dhexeysay burburkii boqortooyadii Awdal iyo maamulkii gumaystayaasha. Xuduudda maamulkan ayaa wuxuu ahaa sidatan :
1. Xadka waqooyi - Togga Nugaal.
2. Xadka koonfur - degaanka degmada Ceel-buur.
3. Bariga - xeebta bad-waynta Hindiya.
4. Galbeedka . degmooyinka Goldogob iyo Gallaadi.
Muddo gaaban ayuu wuxuu ku dhisay ciidamo kala-danbayn leh. Wuxuu yeeshay calan doonyihiisa lagu garto iyo danjirayaal wareega. Maamulkii Yuusuf Cali wuxuu lahaa lacag dahab ah oo ka shaqayneesay degmooyinkii uu ka taliyay. Taasi waxay dhalisay, sida inoo iman doonta, in uu kamid noqdo xoogaggii laga aqoonsanaa degaanka.
Dhacdada uu Yuusuf Cali ku degay degmada Hobyo ayaa ahmiyad gaar ah waxay u leedahay taariikhda Soomaaliya, waana midda xudunta u ah khilaafka gaamuray ee dhex yaal beelo badan ee Soomaaliyeed. Nasiib darro, weli lama hayo aqoonyahanno is-xilqaamay oo diraasaad iyo baaritaan aqoon ku salaysan inta sameeya soo bandhiga taariikh ay Soomaalidu ka faa´iidaysto. I. M. Lewis oo ah nin ku xeel-dheer aqoonta Soomaali-baradka ah, wuxuu xusay in taariikhda Soomaaliyeed ay dhaawacan tahay inta ay dhacdadan ka maqantahay qoraalada aqooneed ee taariikhda dalkeena.
Muddo gaaban dabadeed, markii uu taabo-gal noqday maamulkii Yuusuf Cali, ayaa degmada Hobyo waxay noqotay mid la mataan ah Baargaal oo markaas ahayd magaalada ugu camiran degaanka. Labadaas degmo oo magaalo-madax u ahaa labadii maamul, ayaa xilligaas waxay ahaayeen xarumo siyaasad, ganacsi, aqoon iyo dhaqan. Kasokow xubnaha labada maamul ee halkaas fadhiyay, waxaa labada degmo ku sugnaa rag kamid ah culima-diinkii Soomaalida kuwoodii ugu aqoonta badnaa. Ragga wax ka degay magaalooyinkaas ee aqoonta diinta laga baran jiray waxaa laga xusi karaa shiikh Cumar Axmad Al as-hari oo ahaa ninkii ugu horeeyay oo Soomaali ah ee ka soo baxa Jaamacadda Al as-har, kaas oo muddo fadhiyay degmada Hobyo. Sidoo kale Baargaal waxaa fadhiyay shiikh la oran jiray shiikh Qudubi. Shiikhan oo kamid ahaa ragga wax ku soo bartay magaalada Harar ayaa tacliin joogto ah siin jiray dadka degaanka! ! , Waxaana loola tegi jiray wixii masaa´il diini ah.
Waxaa kale oo degmooyinkaas ku urursanaa abwaano heer qaran ah oo suugaantii ay curiyeen laga qiimeeyay gobollada Soomaaliyeed intooda badan. Abwaanadaas ayaa gabeyo is-shaafsan jiray iyda oo mid waliba uu difaacayo maamulkii uu la joogay. Waxay suugaantooda la beegsan jireen hadba dhacdada xiisaha leh ee kolkaas taagnayd iyo gabeyada looga soo tiriyo xarumihii laysaga tebin jiray suugaanta. Ragga suugaanta ku caanka ah ee xilligaas ku noolaa labadaas degmo, waxaa laga xusi karaa : Faratol Yuusuf Sharmaarke, Muuse Yuusuf Sharmaarke (Muuse Dhiidhi) iyo aabahood Yuusuf Sharmaarke Cismaan, Maxamuud Axmad Aw-Xuseen (Il-dab), Cismaan Yuusuf Keenadiid, Faarax Axmad Aw-xuseen, Cali Sharmaarke, Cismaan Sharmaarke, Xaaji Gooni, Axmad Busur, iyo kuwo kale.
Maxamad Cabdulle Xasan ayaa tilmaan wacan ka bixiyay noloshii ay xilligaas ku sugnaayeen degmooyinka maamulladaas. Isaga oo ka waramaya hodantooyada ka muuqatay noloshii xarumahaas iyo intii la hal-maalaysay, ayuu mariyay gabey ay tixihiisii kamid ahaayeen sidatan :
Waa nimanka deeqii hambaday hibo Ilaaheeye
Waa niman intay hodan yihiin hoo ku sii daraye
Waa niman gob baa lagu hirtaa lagu hagaagaaye
Waa nimaka daaraha hurdiyo harac dallaal weyne
Waa niman xariira huwanoo huga ku laafyoone
Waa nimanka haashaarka gole marada haafeyne
Waa nimanka doonyuhu Hindiga uga hirtaaniine
Waa niman haruur iyo bariis hoyga loo dhigaye
Waa nimanka haanfuuqayee timirtu hoos taalle
Waa niman haleeliyo hor-weyn heel ka buuxsadaye
Waa niman adduun lagu huroo maal hareerimine
Waa niman intay wada habceen heeshiguun dhicinye
Waa niman hub iyo dowladnimo haystay weligoode
Waa niman u heynseen fardaha halabsigoodiiye
Waa niman hal-qooqaha rogaal heegma weligoode
sidaasna waxaa ku dhamaaday qaybtii koowaad ee silsiladan aan isla kaashan doono sidii aan u soo aruurin lahayn marka waxaan idinka sugaynaa wixii fikrad ah iyo wixii fariin ahba
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