Saturday, March 31, 2018
History of The Dir Clan Gurra in Gurra Dhamole, Goro-Baqaqsa and Qarsa Dulla- Afdheer Zone
Daawo Sawirada:
http://guradhamole.org/Photos_and_videos.php
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAUQlwPlIkU
Gurra Clan in Ethiopia’s Somali Region
The Somali region of Ethiopia is one the 9 regional sates that form the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. It is composed of three layers of administrative structures: namely nine zones, 52 woredas and about a thousand kebeles (the lowest government administrative units). The region has a total population of 4.2 million according to 2007 population census report (CSA 2007). The Gurra clan lives in three woredas namely- Gurra Dhamole, Goro-Baqaqsa and Qarsa Dulla. These weredas are administratively among eight weredas that constitute Afdheer zone in the most southern tip of the region bordering southern Somalia and Kenya.
Gurra Clan in Ethiopia’s Somali Region
The three districts climate is hot and dry with average temperatures ranging from 26 to 30°c. However, Guradhamole can be quite chilly at night as it’s situated at the very foot Dhamole and Habrona Mountains in a narrow valley. In the three districts, two rainy seasons generally occur, the long rains (Gu’) of late March to early June, and the short rains Deyr) of late September to early November. Average yearly rainfall is estimated to range from 600mm-1000mm. 1000 being a good year for the areas neighbouring Bale highlands like in Guradhamole capital, Harodibe.
The three districts cover two ecological zones: the low altitude arid and semi arid, and the mild temperate zones. The arid and semi-arid areas at low altitude of 500 to 800 meters above sea level (ASL) are by far the most predominant and comprise roughly 80 percent of the total land area. The mild temprate zones cover areas bordering Bale Mountains in Guradhamole werda. There are dozens of perennial and seasonal rivers that flow throughout the zone. These are: Genale, Web and tributaries of Genale like Dumal, Mana, Welmal, Dayu and Doya.
Population features and clan composition
The inhabitants of the three districts are ethnically Somalis and it has a mix population of nomadic transhumant pastoralists, agro-pastoralists and petty traders. The latter are mostly returnees who came back home from Somalia republic after 1991change of government In Ethiopia and civil strife in the former. However, pastoralist livelihoods constitute about 90% in Guradhamole while Gorobaqaqsa can be considered a pastoral district with a very small population in the capital and few other settlements like Hargadab and Hagarmoqor. Guradhamole has fast growing agro-pastoral groups due to its rain fall and proxy to other agro-pastoral groups in Oromia neighbouring districts like Harodumal and Dallo-mena where significant Gura clan members reside and practice mixed farming.
The population of the three districts is 113,862 according Central Statistics Authority census of 2007. Qarsadulla is a newly recognized district which has a grate potential for dry land farming providing that basic infrastructure such as roads are developed. Pastoralsim is the main livelihood of the people in the district. However, Guradhamole wereda population census have serious flaw according to local administration and clan leaders and felt far from representing the actual population which puts in doubt the legitimacy of census. The claim is a large portion of the wereda population has not been counted due to the erroneous map that was used by Central Census Authority.
There is no reliable data of livestock population in Somali region as whole besides mere estimates. So in the three weredas according to elders each Gura household have on average 20 camels, 10 cattle and 50 Shoats. Therefore, total livestock estimates are 378,860 camels, 189,430 cattle and 947,150 Shoats.
Clan compositions in the three weredas (districts)
The clan composition inhibited in the three weredas is Gurra which is majority clan that belongs to Somali wider Dir family. There are also minority Somali clans like Dhaweyd, Adjuran , Karinlle and Asharaaf. Some of the clans including Gurra are bilingual communities that speak both Oromo and Somali languages of the eastern Cushitic linguistic families.
Historical events
Major events in the three weredas from the time of Emperor Menilik expansion towards the south and east, are related to resource and way of life protection wars. Around 1887 Guras along with other Siko-Menda clans fought the expansionist Emperor Menilik army at Magaalo near a well known Sofi-Omar cave. Particularly, Gura suffered heavy causalities from the modern weapons used by their opponents weakening severely their military capability. There was also long standing pastoral conflicts with a branch of Ogadeni clans over livestock raiding mainly camels recorded according to Gura oral history that caused displacement and migration from grazing land and sorghum farms in the Bakol valley.
The three weredas also shares and has a long history of insurgency resistance and popular movements that highly influenced its history with Ethiopian state. The popular Bale up raises known as Ijoole Bale (The Children’s of Bale) and the subsequent Liberation movements by joint effort of Somali and Oromo groups supported by Somali republic can be sighted as an example. 1964-1979 –Ethio-Somali contestations and wars over territory has marked the history of the clan and the adjacent areas. This era is known as the era of fire arms. For example the brand of arms introduced to the area gets its name for that decade, Jaan Cadde, Dhoobir, AK etc..
1991 – 2009 with the change of Government in Ethiopia marks special historical venue in the Gurra clan area. Huge population of returnees coming to the area from Somalia refugee camps and the introduction of Federal system in Ethiopia constitute contemporary history.
On the other, ethnic based administrative regions establishment brought both opportunities and challenges to the people of Gurra as also true for other communities in Ethiopia. The federal system provides opportunities to self rule that many sacrificed their dear life for it and introduced social services unknown to inhabitants in their history. In the process of constituting Federal system that resulted in turn the disintegration of old identities and reconstitution of new ones some violent conflicts affected the Gurra clan relations with clans that they used share common pastoral resources.
Hussein Ismail Dir Diplomat and Statesman Ethiopia -Afugud or Gibril Muse (Afguduud) , Makahil (Makahiil) section of the Gadabursi
Ato Hussein Ismail
Hussein Ismail or Husein ismail (Somali: Xuseen Ismaciil,
Arabic: حسين إسماعيل,Amharic: አቶ ሁሴን እስማእል) also known
as Ato Hussein Ismail was a Somali Ethiopian statesman who held several spots
in the Ethiopian government. He is the first Somali to be promoted to a
Minister, Ambassador, Commissioner and Politician in Ethiopia to the government
of the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces, Police, and Territorial Army
or simply short the DERG that ruled Ethiopia from 1974 to 1987.
Hussein Ismail was born in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia and belongs
to the Afugud or Gibril Muse (Afguduud) , Makahil (Makahiil) section of the
Gadabursi (Gadabuursi) or Samaron (Samaroon).[2] He served his country as
Chief-Administrator of the Illubabor Province in Ethiopia after the fall of
Haile Selassie.[3] Furthermore he became Governor of Dire Dawa, Ambassador to
South Yemen, Ambassador to Bulgaria, Ambassador to Cuba and Minister of
Education and Commisioner for Pensions and Social Security for Ethiopia.[4] He
also was a member of the Central Committee of COPWE (Commission for Organizing
the Party of the Working People of Ethiopia).[5] He laid the foundation for
Somali inclusiveness into Ethiopia.
Career
Governor of Dire Dawa
Chief-Administrator of Illubabor Province (1974 - 1976 )
Minister of Education (August 1976 - 1978)
Member of the Central Committee of COPWE (1979-1984)
Commissioner for Pensions and Social Security (1978 - 1983)
Ambassador of Ethiopia to South Yemen (1983 - 1984)
Ambassador of Ethiopia to Cuba (1984 - 1986)
Ambassador of Ethiopia to Bulgaria (1986)
1.^ Quarterly Economic Review of Uganda, Ethiopia, Somalia,
Djibouti. Economist Intelligence Unit. 1978.
2.Jump up ^ "Pmac Announces Governmental
Appointments". 1976.
3.Jump up ^ Legum, Colin (1975-01-01). Ethiopia: The Fall of
Haile Sellassie's Empire. Africana Publishing Company. ISBN 9780841902299.
4.Jump up ^ Daily Report: Eastern Europe. The Service. 1986.
5.Jump up ^ Service, British Broadcasting Corporation
Monitoring (1983). Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa.
6.Jump up ^ Service, United States Joint Publications
Research (1979). Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa.
Saturday, March 17, 2018
Marxuum Col. Cabdi Warsame Isaaq
Abdi Warsame
Isaq
Abdi Warsame Isaq, or more famously known as Colonel Abdi
Warsame Isaq, (Somali: Cabdi Warsame Isaaq, Arabic: عبدي ورسمة
اساق ) was the chairman
of the Southern Somali National Movement (SSNM), a military faction during the
Somalia war. It consisted mainly of Biimaal, Surre and other southern Mahad Dir
clans.[1]
Abdi Warsame Isaq
hailed from the Biimaal
clan of the Dir clan family, more importantly from the Gaadsen branch
of Biimaal.
Formally allied with Aideed, the chairmain of the SSNM, Colonel Abdi Warsame in
1993 broke with General Aideed and took part of the SSNM with him when he
aligned himself with Ali Mahdi.[2][3]
[holding
answer 19 January 1993]: The recent meeting of Somali factions in Addis Ababa
was arranged by the United Nations. We, the EC, and the United States have
consistently supported the United Nations peace initiative in Somalia. The
following representatives of Somali factions attend the meeting.
1. 1. Somali
Africans Muki Organisation (SAMO) Mr. Mohamed Ramadan Arbow, Chairman
2. 2. Somali
Democratic Alliance (SDA) Mr. Mohamed Farah Abudllahi, Chairman
3. 3. Somali
Democratic Movement (SDM)1 Mr. Abdi Muse Mayow, Chairman Colonel
Mohamed Nur Aliyou, Chairman1
4. 4. Somali
National Democratic Union (SNDU) Mr. Ali Ismael Abdi, Chairman
5. 5. Somali
National Front (SNF) General Omar Hagi Mohamed Hersi, Chairman
6. 6. Somali
National Union (SNU) Dr. Mohamed Ragis Mohamed, Chairman
7. 7. Somali
Patriotic Movement (SPM)1 General Aden Abdillahi Noor, Chairman
8. 8. Somali
Patriotic Movement (SPM)1 Colonel Ahmed Omar Jess, Chairman
9. 9. Somali
Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF) General Mohamed Abshir Musse, Chairman
10. 10. Southern
Somali National Movement (SSNM) Colonel Abdi Warsame Isaaq, Chairman
11. 11. United
Somali Congress (USC)1 General Mohamed Farah Aidid, Chairman
12. 12. United
Somali Congress (USC)1 Mr. Mohamed Qanyare Afrah, Chairman
13. 13. United
Somali Front (USF) Mr. Abdurahman Dualeh Ali, Chairman
14. 14. United
Somali Party (USP) Mr. Mohamed Abdi Hashi, Chairman
1 The USC, SPM and the SDM were
divided into different factions owing different allegiances.
The Biyomal, a
small group that lives in the vicinity of Mogadishu, is a subclan of the Dir.
According to the Supplement to Information on Country Conditions on Somalia,
"The Dir family can be divided into three sections: Issa, Gadabursi, and
Biyomal [Biyemal]" (Toronto Front 15 Feb. 1996, 51).
According to The
Price of Peace: Somalia and the United Nations 1991-1994, the Biyamal are
the majority clan in the Lower Shebelle (Gilkes 1994, 144). Gilkes
distinguishes between the northern Dir and the southern Dir and notes that
although the Biyamal were known for their struggle against the Italians, as a
southern Dir group, they "were previously ignored." (144). Gilkes
states that the Dir and particularly the Biyamal, supported the Southern Somali
National Movement (SSNM), but adds that the SSNM had split. "Early in 1993
its chairman, Colonel Abdi Warsame, broke with General Aydeed and took part of
the SSNM with him when he aligned himself with Ali Mahdi" (147).
Marxuum Col. Cabdi
Warsame Isaaq
INAA LILAAHI WA INAA ILEEYHI RAAJICUUN
Waxaa bishan September 10, 2011 ku geeriyooday magaalada London ee dalka Britain Marxuum Col. Cabdi Warsame Isaaq. Marxuum ayaa ahaa nin magac iyo taariikh dheer ku leh dalka Soomaaliya, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa dadkii dhaliyey kacaankii uu hogaaminayey Maxamed Siyaad Barre.
Waxaa geeridiisa la ogeysiinayaa dhammaan eheladiisa meel kasta oo ay joogaan. Waxaanan ilaaheey uga baryeynaa in uu jannadii farduusa ka waraabiyo, dhammaanteyna samir iyo iimaan allaha naga siiyo. AAMIIN…AAMIIN….AAMIIN.
GADSAN
Sunday, March 11, 2018
Firkii Hore Ee Beesha Direed iyo Tarikhdooda- Ancient Dir Folklore
Beelah Direed ee
konfurta Somalia (Mudug/Galgaduud/Sh.Hoose) dagan waxa
ay sheegan in odeyga Direed uu dhalay Afar wiil oo kala ah:
ay sheegan in odeyga Direed uu dhalay Afar wiil oo kala ah:
Madaxeyne Direed oo curad ah, Mahe Direed oo ku xigeen ah, iyo labada
kale oo kala ah Madoobe Direed iyo Mandaluug Direed oo ugu yar da'a
ahaan marka la eego.
Taarikhiyan waxa ay rumeysanyihiin Dirka Galbeedka iyo Konfurta dagan
dhoor qodob oo ku saabsan tariikhda hore.
1)Dadka Direed in ay ka yimaadeen dhankan Galbeedka bilawgii, kunsano
ka hor.
2)Magaca Dir in uu macnahiisu yahay "Fir" ama Ab. Oo lagu macneyn karo
geesi ama Dhiire.
3)Konfurta Dirta dagan wexey rumeysan yihiin in ay Dirka xukumi jireen
Saladiin loo yaqiin ROOBLE oo ahaa ilaaliyaasha Xeerka iyo caadada
beesha.
Rooble- Xeerbeegti,Qareemo, amanduuleyaal,Roobdoonayal,iyo mareynta
reerka ayaa lagu aqoon jiray.Guud ahaana waxa ay ilaalin jireen xeerka
oo Dirku rumeysnaa in ay ka dhaxleen Dir Aji abkoodi hore. Madaxdan oo
loo aqoon jiray Roobleyaash dadku wey ixtiraami jireen ila heer xitaa
isha laguma godi jirin, oo xitaa "ILKULULe" ayaa loo aqoon jiray.
4)Waxa kaloo ay rumeysan yihiin in Zeylac magalada la yiraahdo ay Dir
badan soo jidatay qarnigii (700 AD) halkaas oo ay ka soo dageen Asxaab
badan oo Rasuulka(Caleyhi salatu wa salaam) u soo diray magaalada
Zailac Hijradii koowad. Oo dadka Direed iyo Canfarta (Oday Caliga) ay
waagii danbe ka wada asaseen labo boqortooyo oo la kala dhihi jiray
CIFAT iyo Cadal.
5)Dirta koonfurta iyo Galbeedka dagan waxa ay rumeeysan yihiin oo kale
in 1400 ay dhaceen dagaalo far badan oo xabashida iyo muslimiinta is
dagaaleen. Ilaa ay xabashida oo adeegsaneysa (Portugees)burtaqiis ay
cagta mariyeen boqortooyoyinkii Musliminta oo kuwa Direed ee Cifat iyo
Awda ka mid ahayeen.
6)Dhamaan waxa ay rumeysan yihiin Dirka in ay door weyn ka ciyaareen
fidinta diinta Somalia iyo Ethiopia dhexdooda.
Sheekhyada waaweyn ee geeska Afrika sida Sheikh Xuseen Bali, Aw
Barkadle, Awbarre iyo qaar kale ay Cadal iyo Cifad ka soo jeedan.
4)Beelaha Biyomaal iyo Suure iyo Guure waxa ay sheegan in 1600-1750 ay
u soo guureen duleedka dalka (Gobalada dhexe iyo labada wabi dhexdooda)
mudo yar ka dib dagaladii Axamed Gurey iyo Amxaarada.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)