The Horyaal Democratic Party was founded by the Dir Gadabursi clan; their area of influence straddles the Somaliland border and incorporated the Dire Dawa, Jijiga and the Awbar zones.
On 9 February 1994, at a meeting in Hurso near Dire-Dawa a new political party called the Ethiopian Somali Democratic League (ESDL) was founded. This party claims to represent the objectives and needs of the Ethiopian-Somali people; giving particular attention to and observing the cultural and traditional practices of the people; and giving due regard to the local constitution (Heer).
This new party aims to develop a stronger link with the Transitional Government in accordance with Article 9, Title 6 of the ESDL constitution which states: " I am fed up of my father and my father brought me his father! " states a Somali proverb. (Posted by guest: shalac) (Posted by guest: sahal)
GLF (Gurgura Liberation Front) led by Abdelasis Ahmed; HDP (Horiyal Democratic Party), from the WSLF (Western Somali Liberation Front), led by Abdi Ismail and representing the Gadabursi; the IGLF (Issa and Gurgura Liberation Front), headed by Riyaale Ahmed, which, since a split in 1991, only defends Issa interests (essentially the control of the Djibouti-Ethiopian railway line).
The pro-government ESDL which hope to become part of the EPRDF is headed by current Transport minister Abdulmejid Hussein (Issa Habar Awal). It has 76 of the 139 seats in the Regional Council and 15 of the Somali Region's 23 seats in the House of Peoples' Representatives, as well as the two seats for the autonomous city of Dire Dawa.
However, later IGLF reconciled with the government. In 1993 it took part in the formation the government of the Somali Region, together with the Ogaden National Liberation Front. Mahdi Ahmed became the secretary of the government.
In 1994 IGLF merged into the Ethiopian Somali Democratic League, the EPRDF partner in the Somali region.
THE ETHIOPIAN SOMALI POLITICAL PARTIES ETHIOPIAN SOMALI DEMOCRATIC LEAGUE
Political Organizations Of Issas
- Democratic Action League DAL early political movement of Issas in Ethiopia was led by Mohammed Sheikh Ibrahim
- Issa Gurgure Libration Front IGLF led by Riyaal Ahmed uniting two powerful Dir clans until the Gurgure split in 1991, IGLF name continued even though a Gurgure by the name Abdul Aziz formed the independent Gurgure Libration Front which worked with their next door cousins.
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As indicated in Morin (2005:640) the name of “Cote francaise des Somalis” itself is said to have been proposed by hağği Diideh [Mahad-Ase clan of Gadaboursi . He was Prosperous merchant of Zayla who built the first Mosque in Djibouti Ğami ar-Rahma in 1891]
“Issa firmly condemned the election of Gadaboursi man, Djima Ali, and an Arab Ali Coubèch, for the Council of Republic and Union of Assembly respectively. Issas made an assassination attempt against both electorates.” (Thompson/Adolf 1968:63-64)
hese tribal battles are also related to historic migration of both ethnic groups and their interaction over the past 600 years. Some Somalis blame the migration of Oromos since 1500s as an incursion to their land, as Oromos moved east and gradually adopted Islam.
After a mostly Somali army led by Imam Ahmad and the Ottomans invaded the Christian parts of northern Ethiopia (formerly Abyssinia) in 1530s, the northern movement of Oromos led to massive demographic changes and new settlements in the Horn of Africa. While the ethnic makeup of most of the region was being permanently shaped, the eastern Ethiopian areas remained contested due to scarcity of resources and the pastoral nature of its communities. While there was no agreement on boundaries locally, European powers nonetheless began drawing lines and dividing the region among themselves.
The Gurgure Dir inhabit the ancient city of Dira Dhawe, which is also inhabited by the Madoobe Dir Issas.[citation needed] The first to arrive were the Gurguras who named the city Dira Dhawe, or "the place that Dir conquered or hit with his spear". Finally, the Issas and other Somali groups followed into the region and the Christian Amharas referred the region to as "Oow-raajaa na Issa na Gurgura" or the region of the Gurguras and the Issas.
Gadsan (or Gaadsan) is one of the largest tribes in Dir, especially the western Dir. They reside mainly in three districts: Liban (Jarrati, Waladaya, Doolow and Guuredhamole), Godey (Iimey and Marole), and Gashamo (Nusdariiq, Marsin, Kabtinuur and Qabridhare). There is also other large population of gaadsan, known as Gaadsan-Qalaawileey in the Shabelle and Jubba regions. In Kenya there is a third division of Gaadsan, known as Gaadsan-Kenya, found in many cities such as Bangal, Garseeni, and Holla.
Political groups associated with the Dir clans include the following groups in Somalia and Ethiopia:
Issas and Gurgure Liberation Front (IGF) of Ethiopia.
Somali Democratic Alliance (SDA) of the Gadabursi Dir clan.
Somali National Movement (SNM) of the Northern Isaaq.
Southern Somali National Movement (SSNM) of the mostly Mohamed Xiniftire Dir Clans (Bimaal, Mandaluug, and Gadsan) of Jubba, Gedo, Bardheere, and Shabeellaha Hoose region.
Democratic Liberation Front (DLF) supported Central Somalia Dir groups.
Dir subclans
Madaxweyn Dir
Gurgure: The Gurgure are divided into three major groups, Habar Daar, Quwaax and Liiban, who are made of many sub-clans:
Habar Daar
Kunduuble
Cali
Cabdille
Quwaah
Nabidoor
Gacal Waaq
Baiido
Liibaan
Gufaatiile
Sanceele
Sanaye
Guure
Jaarso
Akisho
Wara-Miyo
Reer-Warfaa
Reer-Dalal
Reer-Hawade
Reer-Liibaan
Wara-Ito
Wara-Bito
Wara-Dayo
Wara-Luujo
Wara-Heebaan
Igo
Warre-Dhanqo
Warre-Kiyo
Obo
Asaabo
Dawaaro
Wardaay
Layiile
Gariire
Jiido
Reer Aw Said and Abkeey Haji
SDA Dir Gadabuursi Med. Faarax Cabdullaahi Asharo USF Dir Ciise Cabduraxmaan Dualle Cali SSNM Dir Biyomaal Cabdulcasiis sheekh Yuusuf Cabdi Warsame Isxaaq SNU Banaadiri Cumar Mungani Aweys Med. Rajis Maxamed SDM ...
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