Beesha SUURE Direed oo Maxkamad lagu Magacaabo Al-Nasri ka furatay Muqdisho Maantay.

Beesha SUURE Direed oo Maxkamad lagu Magacaabo Al-Nasri ka furatay Muqdisho Maantay.

Munaasabad balaaran oo maanta loo sameeyey ku dhawaaqista maxkamad islaami ah oo ay leedahay beesha Dir ayaa ka dhacday xarun ku taala nawaaxiga Warshadii Hore ee kokakoLa ee xaafada Hodon ayadoo munaasabadan ay ka soo qeyb galeen inta badan mas’uuliyiinta sar sare ee golaha maxkamadaha islaamiga Soomaaliyeed.



Munaasabadan ayaa waxaa ka soo qeyb galay xubno ay ka mid ahaayeen guddoomiyaha golaha fulinta maxkamadaha Sheekh Shariif Sheekh Axmed, kuxigeenka dhinaca amniga ee golaha Sheekh Muqtaar Roobow Abuu-mansuur, xoghayaha golaha fulinta maxkamadaha Sheekh Maxamuud Sheekh Ibraahim Suuley, guddoomiye kuxigeenka golaha fulinta Sheekh C/qaadir Cali Cumar, guddoomiyaha iyo guddoomiye kuxigeenka daladda Culimada Sheekh Axmed Yaasiin iyo Sheekh Nuur Baaruud Gurxan, guddoomiye kuxigeenka golaha shuurada maxkamadaha Dr. Cumar Iimaan, Ugaaska beeshaasi Sheekh Axmed Bile, Abwaano uu ku jiro Abshir Bacadle iyo xubno kale iyadoo khudbooyin faro badana halkaasi laga soo jeediyay kuwaasoo dhiirigelinayay in dhamaamba beelaha iyo dhalinyarada ka soo jeeda beesha Dir ay ku mideysmaan maxkamada maanta halkaasi looga dhawaaqay ee loogu magac daray maxkamada Al Nasri.



Guddoomiyaha golaha fulinta maxkamadaha Sheekh Shariif oo halkaasi ka hadlay ayaa u mahad celiyay beesha Dir oo uu sheegay inay xil weyn iska saareen sidii ay uga mid noqon lahaayeen maxkamadaha islaamiga Soomaaliyeed isagoo xusay in beesha Dir ay ka mid tahay beelaha ugu badan ee taageerada siiya golaha maxkamadaha safka horena uga jiray halgankii lagu raacdeeyey isbaheysigii la dagaalanka argagixisada.



“Maxkamadan waxaa la ii sheegay inay dhamaan beelaha Direed wada leeyihiin runtiina waa arrin aad u qiimo badan, waxaana lala socdaa inay ka mid tahay beelaha aadka ugu waaweyn meelo badana dega, oo xuduuda Soomaaliya dhaafsan, macnaheeduna wuxuu yahay beesha Dir oo dhan inay ka shaqeyneyso diinta islaamka, meel walba oo ay joogaana waa inay ku talo galaan inay ka tirsan yihiin maxkamada Al Nasri ayna hoos tagayaan” ayuu yiri guddoomiyaha golaha fulinta maxkamadaha Sheekh Shariif.



Sidoo kale, guddoomiyaha maxkamada Al Nasri oo loo magacaabay Sheekh Maxamuud Sheekh Ibraahim Suuley ahna xoghayaha guud ee golaha shuurada maxkamadaha islaamiga, wuxuuna sheegay in beesha Direed ee maanta maxkamada ku dhawaaqday looga baahan yahay meel kasta oo ay joogto inay taageerto maxkamadan isagoo sidoo kalena tilmaamay in maxkamada Al Nasri howsha ugu badan ay ka qaban doonto gobolada ay beeshu degto meel kasta oo ay joogaan



“Waxaan isku balan sanahay ILLAAHEY-na marqaati nooga yahay Dir oo islaamka ku dhex jirta inaan noqono ee aanaan noqon Dir oo islaamka ka sareysa, waxaan kaloo carabka ku adkeynayaa in dadkan ay diyaar u yihiin inay dalkan ka difaacaan Gaal iyo wixii soo raaca, waxayna isla qireen in nin walba oo ka mid ah beesha Dir oo Diinta ka Ridooba ee Gaal noqda uu weyn doono xubinimada beesha Dire aana Dili doono” ayuu yiri guddoomiyaha oo beelaha kale ugu baaqay inay ka hortagaan ninkii ka horyimaada Diinta islaamka balse aysan oran Gaalkeena maxay ka rabaan Gaalkoodaba ma sheegnee.




Januune Geedi
Muqdisho, Somalia
Januune46@hotmail.com

KU NOQO BEYJKA WARARKA
Cowslafil.com

WAR SAXAAFADEED BEESHA SALEEBAN CABDALLE SOO SARTAY XILIGII MAXAKIIMTA

SOO BAXAY XILIGII MAXAKIIMTA


Warsaxaafadeed: Beesha S/Cabdalle (Surre-Dir) oo qaadacday maamulka GalMudug Bismillaah, Alxamdulilaah, Allahumma sali calaa sayidinaa Muxammad.

KU: Dawladda Federalka ah
KU:Maxkamadaha Islaamiga ah
KU:Galmudug

Ujeeddo:
Caddayn inaysan Beesha Saleebaan Cabdalle qayb ka ahayn nidaamka cusub ee laga hirgaliyay degaano ka tirsan gobolka Mudug, islamarkaana aan lagu casumin dhismihiisa kaasoo dhisiddiisu muddo bilo ah ay ka socotay halkaa.

Beesha iyo Degaankeeda:
Beeshu waxay ka deggentahay Mudug deegaanada iyo magaalooyin ay ka midyihiin
* Towfiiq,
* Galhagoog,
* Ceeldhanaane,
* Dhinowda,
* Garacad,
* Jarriiban,
* Balli-busle iyo, Seemade iyo tuulooyin badan aanaan soo koobi Karin.

Sida la wada ogsoonyahay waxaa dhawaan looga dhawaaaqay qaar ka mid ah deegaannada Mudug maamul loogu magac daray Galmudug oo xaruntiisu tahay magaalada Gaalkacyo gaar ahaan Baraxley. Maamulkaas waxaa soo dhisay beesha Sacad ee wax ka degta koonfurta Mudug.

Hadaanahay odayaasha, aqoonyahanka iyo indheergaradka Saleebaan Cabdalle, marka hore waan soo dhaweyneynaa jiritaanka maamulka Galmudug iyo cid kasta oo soomaali ah oo rabta inay ka gudubto fowdada jirta si loo yareeyo dhiigga macnadarrada
ah ee daadanaya.

Waxaan talo iyo walaaltinimo ugu soo jeedinaynaa maamulka cusub ee Galmudug inay dhowraan deris wanaagga iyo islaanimada oo aysan oggolaan duullaamada xaqdarrada ah ee degaanadooda ka askuma ee ku wajahan beelaha deriska sida Beesha S/Cabdalle iyo kuwa kaleba. Waxaa Degaanka ka jira maamul kale sida Puntland kaasna S/Cabdalle qayb kama aha waxaana wadaagnaa xeerar deriseed iyo islaanimo wanaagsan, sidaas ayaana idinka rajeynaynaa inaad u dhaqmi doontiin inshaa Allah.

Waxaan kaloo u soo jeedinaynaa in beeshu ku darto tallaabooyinka ay qaadeen, horumarinta degaanka, xaqdhowrka dhirta iyo daaqa iyo weliba duurjoogta.

Odayaasha:

1. Dr. Mohamed Aden Ali
2. Dr Khaliif Mohamed Nur
3. Sh. Mahad Mohamed Ali
4. Inj Aden Noor dhegegood
5. Nabadoon Mohamud Nuryare Mohamed (Gaani)
6. Nabadoon Siciid Mohamud Hussein (Indhoole)
7. Inj Abshir Jamac Hussein
8. Suldan Abdulahi Mohamed Ali
9. Inj Abdi Khaliif Warsame
10. Saed Jama Guuled dhegajuun
11. Nabadoon Ahmed Sadiq Farah
12. Mohamed Hersi Juun
13. Nabadoon Ahmed Mohamed Aliseed
14. A/Karim Hussein Ali
15. Inj Sayidcumar aden Guled
16. Ganacsade Haji Baarre
17. Sharaf Mohamed Ali




around the villages of Towfiq and Awle, some 200 km east of Galkayo

. It was sparked off by revenge killings for the deaths of eight fishermen near Afbarwaqo,

BEELAHA MADAXWEYNE DIR EE LAYIILE IYO REER AW SACIID

Qoomiyada Caws-Lafil ( Dir ) waxaa lagu tiriyaa inay ka mid tahay kuwooga ugu taariiqda fog. deegaanka geeska afrika. haday noqon lahayd xaga hogaanka, siyaasada, xadaarada, waxaana ka soo jeeda runtii hogaamiyaashii diimeed ku wooga ugu caansan gayiga soomaaliyeed mana aha mid qoraal lagu soo koobi karayo muhiimada ay inoo leeyihiin geesiyaashaasi oo ahaa hormuudka saldanadihii aanu cadceedu ka dhici jidhin;
waxaanu qaybtaan maanta ku soo qaadanaynaa qabiilka ” Layiile,,

Layiile Sidaan Lawada Socono Waxay ka Tirsan Yihiin Umadda Direed ee Faraha Badan. Waana Beel dagan konfurta Soomaliya oo ay qaybo fara badan kaga kala dadsan yihiin Kismayo Ilaa Beledweyne. Mida kale, Reer Awa Saciid iyo Layiile anaga xagayaga waa ka mid oo waa isla Cali Madaxweyn. 2-1995-kii anigu waxaan isku dayay in aan uruuriyo Tariikhda Dadka Direed meelkasta oo ay joogaan Geesta Afrika anigoo isku dayay in aan Baaro waxa ay Reer Galbeedku ka qoreen dadka Direed. Isla Markaana Baari tankeygi waxaan ku Tagay Dalka Djabouti, Dire- dhabe, NFD, iyo Waqooyiga Soomalia. Marka ugu Horeeysa qoraaga I.M Lewis ee Ingiriiska ah oo Waqooyiga ka qoray Bugaagta ay ka mid yihiin “Nomadic Democracy”oo ku saleyn jiray Buugaagtiisa Baritaano hore oo Qoraaga Talyaaniga ee la yiraahdo Cerruilli ayaa aad uga hadlay Tariikhda Layiile Ali Madaxweyne.

In uu layiile Ali Madaxweyn ahyeen nimanka ugu awooda weyn Madaxeeyn Direed ilaa 300 sano. ka Horna ay Jabiyeen Labo Beelood oo kala ah Isaaq iyo Ogaadeen iyo Ajuurankii ka talin Jiray Dhanka Qalaafe. I.M Lewis “The Layiile Ali Madaxweyn Dir Became Highly Dispersed and Lost Their Tribal Integrity” 2) I.M Lewis waxaa uu qoray oo uu sheegay in Dadkan Direed ee Layiilaha ah ay kala Daadasho, iyo Firir weyn ku Dhacay oo ay ku Dhex Milmeen Ummado kale oo Dir iyo Shisheeyaba Leh. Waa sidii ku Dhacday Beelah Baajimaal iyo Dabruube oo Labaduba ku Dhamaaday Dagaladii ay Ajuuraanka Qalaafo kula galeen qarnigii 1700. Sanadkii 2000-2001 anigoo isku Taxluujinaya inaan ka Salgaaro oon Wax Ka Ogaado Dadkaan Direed iyo Tariikhdooda ayaan Waxaan Tagay Dalka Ethiopia oo aan Safar Dhulka ku kala Maray ilaa Dira Dhabe—Jijiga–Hargeysa—Sheeikh— Burco—Boorame-Arabsiya iyo meelo kale oo fara badan waxaanan soo ogaaday Taarikho bada:

Magaalada Diraa Dhabe iyo Jigjiga intaa u Dhexeysa Waxaan kula kulmay Dadka Indheer Garadka iyo kuwa Tariikhaha Uruuriya oo u kala Dhashay Dadka Direed Sida Barsuuga, Gurgurah, Akishoda, O Layiile, Gadabuursi iyo Ciisaba. Waxaa la ii sheegay in Layiilah Badankiisu ay Dhex Dagaan Gurguraha oo ay Dad isugu xigaan. Waxa kale oo la ii sheegay in ay Degaan Layiilah Carro Ogaadeen oo xitaa Qaar kamid Ahi ay Xukumaan Ogadeenka Qaybo Dhan. Waxaa la ii sheegay in Gabyaaga weyn ee Dhoodaan uu Asal ahaan ka soo Jeedo Beesha Layiile oo waxaa La’yidhi Ninkii Layiile ee Dhalay ayaa Nin Layiilaha Dilay Una Cararay Deegaanka Ogadeenka Isagoo Wata Canugiisi iyo xaaskiisii. Odeyaashii aan La kulmay ee Layiile ee Gurgurah la Dagaanaa waxa ay ii Sheegeen in Kala Daadasho Xoogan ay ku dhacday Beesha Layiile oo ay Badh Dhankaas Nageele– ilaa Guure Dhaamoole ay Gurrah Wada Dagaan, Badhna ay Waqooyi Galbeed Hargeeysa xageeda jiraan, laakin xooga Beesha uu u Badan yahay Dhankaan Howdaka. Magaalooyinka Harta sheeikh iyo Qabri bayax Layiile fara badan ayaan Kula kulmay. Bartamihii 2000, Waxaan Soo Gaadhay Magaalada Hargeysa oo aan ku soo Dagay Xaafada la Yiraahdo Xero Awr. Malin maalimaha ka mida, ayaa Dagaal xoog Badan ka Dhacay xaafad Xero Awr oo ilaa 400 oo Nin ay isku Soo Baxeen oo ay Suuqa ilaa Xafadah Dhexdeedi la is Eryadaay:

Maalintii Ayaanu Ku Barjaynaynay Aqal waxaanan La fadhiyay niman Isaaq oo Habar Awal ah waxaa la igu Yidhi Waxaa Dagalamay Beel Habar Awal ah iyo Layiile. Anigii yaab ayay igu Noqotay Arrintii, Gadaal ayaa waxaa la iiga sheegay in Layiilaha ay ku Badan Yihiin Magaalada Hargeeysa oo ay Si Wayn Isu Dhalaan Reer Gadiid oo ka mid ah Habar Awal, Waxaa ay Iisheegeen Ragaas inkastoo ay Layiilah aheyn Isaaq Hadana Reer Gadiika ayaay isla Dhiig Baxaan Layiilah. Maalintii uu Dagaalka Dhacay Ka Dib Ayaa Waxaanu Israacnay Labo Nin oo Midna Gurgure yahay midna Surre laakin ku Dhashay waqooyiga, waxaanu Fariisanay Guri uu leeyahay nin Layiile ah oo odey u ah Layiilah Xafada Dagan Waxaana Lagu Yidhi nin Direed oo Konfurta ka Yimid ayaa Doonaya inuu kula kulmo. Ragii meesha iigu Yimid waxa ka mid ahaa Cabdisamad X. Cabduulahi iyo Xasan Cabdi. Ragaan ayaa ii Sheegay in ay Dadkooda ay Dagaan Ethiopia Dhanka Hawd oo ay Qaarkalena ay Mandaluug Uwada Guureen Kismayo iyo Hiiraan oo ay la Dagaan Dirka Dalkaas. Waxa kale oo ay ii sheegeen Layiilaha in ay Rag iyaga ka mid ah Ay Soo Dageen Waqooyiga Hargeeysa 200 sano ka hor, Markii ay soo Dageen la Ximiyay oo ay Dagaalo Fara Badan Galeen Oo Markaa Mag ( Diyo ) Farabadan loo Qabsaday oo ay Sidaa Darteed Diyada ku Darsadeen Beesha Hargeysa Dagta ee loo Yaqaan Reer Gadiid inkastoo Aysan Iska Heyb Aheeyn:

Ragaas waxa ay ii Sheegeen in ay isku Dad Yihiin Guurah iyo Gurgurah Waxa aynaa ii Xisaabsheen Xildhibaanada Barlamaanka iyo Dowlad kilinka Shanaad ku Jira ee Gurgure iyo Guureba Sidii ay Yihiin Rag Layiila ah. Qabiilka Direed ee Reer Dood Maalin Niman Isaaqa Ayaan Qaad la Cunay Markaas Ayaa Ruux u soo Galay oo uu ku Yidhi Ninkan Idiinla Fadhiyaa Yuu Yahay waxaa ay ku Yirahdeen Waa Nin Direed. Markaas ayuu Ragii ku xanaaqay oo uu Yidhi, War Soo Idinkoo Dhan Dir MaTihiin, Isaaqow Maxaad ka Wadaan. Ninkii Markaanu Sheekeysanay in aan nin Direed oo Reer Mahe Dir ah u Sheegtay oo Ladhashay Maxamed Xiniftire ayaa (Lilmo Indhihiisa ku soo Joogsatay) Waxaa uu ii sheegay in uu 70 sano jiro Walina Uusan Horey u arkin Qof Dir Sidaan u kala sheeg sheegi kara, Odeygii ayaa i Weydiiyay Miyaad Maqashay Reer Dood, Hadii Aad Tahay Wiil Direed oo Maxamed Xiniftire dhalay ? Waxaan ugu Jawaabay Maya ee ii Sheeg, Tolkeey aan Bartee? Odeygii Waxaa uu igu Yiri Waxaan Ahay Reer Dood, Reer Doodna waa Dad Direed oo La daga Habar Jeclo, kana Mida Habar Jeclo Laakin ka soo Jeeda Maxamed Xiniftire. Waxaa u ii Sheegay Odeygaan in Fananda Weyn ee Guduudo Carwo Ay Ka Soo Jeedo Reer Dood, Waxaana uu i Siiyay Walakeed oo Jigjiga Dagan oo uu Igu Yiri Raadi:

Qabiilka Maxbuubta Aad sheegeyso waxan kula kulmay Nin Darawal ah oo Dagan Magaalada Abaarso Habeen aan ka Doodnay Dirnimada iyo Shirkii Carta ayaa Rag waxaa i Weeraray Habar Awal ah oo Yidhi Wax Dir la Yidhaada Majiraan, Geelaa Carta ku sameeyay. Ragii Isaaq ahaa ayaa waxaa iiga soo dhex Baxay Nin Difaacaya Dirnimada oo Markii Danbe Si Cad u Yiri Anigu Waxaan Ahay Nin Direed oo ma Diidayo Dirnimo. War Yaad Dir ka Tahay ayaan ku Idhi Darawalkii Waxaa uu iigu Jawaabay Anigu waxaan Ahay Nin Direed oo Maxbuubta ka Mida oo La Dhiig Baxa Reer Shirdoon (Habar Awal). Markii aan sii War Wareystay ninkii waxaa soo Baxday in Ninkaan uu Yahay Gaaljecel– Maxbuub oo Waligood la Dagaanaa Rerkan Habar Awal Lana Dhiig Baxaan Reer Shirdoon. Ninkaan adinku Hawiye u arka ama iska Daaya Isagu Waxaa uu ii Sheegtay in uu Yahay Maxbuub Dirna Yahay Dalkaa Waqooyigana uusan ka Xigin Nina. oo uu Yahay Dal Direed. Magaaloyinka Arabsiyo-Awbare-Gibiley-Ijaara -Taysa-Darbiga Waxaan La kulmay Rag fara Badan oo ay ka Mid Yihiin Mandaluug reer galbeeda iyo Gurgure( Reer awbare) iyo Madiigaan iyo Beel weynta Gadabuursi oo Si Wacan iiga Waramay Tariikhaha Dadka Direed:

Lasoco Qaybaha Xiga,,,,,,,,,

Beesha Layiile Waxa ay ukala Baxdaa Sidan,

1 Abkeey Xaaji oo Aderkii Ah

2 Faarax Saciid

3- Abiikar Saciid

4- Sacdi Saciid

5- Nuur Saciid

6- Cali Saciid

7- Cismaan Saciid

8- Xuseen Saciid

9- Xasan Saciid

10- Cumar Saciid

BAH DIR ROOBLE BEESHU GABOOSE KA SOO JEEDO

Ninkii kugu yiraahda Isaaq Dir maha waxad tustaa Afar Masalo: 1)Gabeygii Guba oo Habar Yoonis Ugaskoodi leeyahay Idoor waa dire hadey Duulan soo kicis dhageysii. 2) Arabka Isaaq usheeg inuu dhalay Saciid Dhulbahante oo Saladiintoodu Bah Dir ku noqdaan Muse Carre. 3) Majeerteenka markuu Bah Dir sheegto in uu Isaaqnimo un kuso Gali Damal Muuse ( Bah Dir Rooble Traditional polities library of Congress BAH DIR Muqdisho/Maqdishu bf.1331 Muqdisho/Maqdishu sultanate established (in 20th century often referred to by the Italian version Mogadiscio) Sultans - Abgaal lineage - ... - ... Cumar/`Umar ... - ... Axmed I/Ahmad I ... - ... Maxamad I/Muhammad I ... - ... Axmed II/Ahmad II ... - ... Maxamuud/Mahmud ... - ... Cali/`Ali ... - ... Cismaan/`Uthman ... - ... Maxamad II/Muhammad II *1860* Axmed III/Ahmad III --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Majerteen c.1600 Majerteen or Harti sultanate founded 1927 incorporated into Italian colony Sultans - Keenadiid clan, Bah Dir lineage - ... - 1815 Maxamuud IV/Mahmud IV 1815 - 1842 Cismaan II/`Uthman II 1842 - 1844 Yuusuf IV/Yusuf IV 1844 - 1860 Maxamuud V Yuusuf/Mahmud V ibn Yusuf 1860 - 1927 Cismaan III Maxamuud/`Uthman III ibn Mahmud --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Hobyo 1878 Hobyo sultanate split off from Majerteen Oct 1925 incorporated into Italian colony (known as Obbia) Sultans - Keenadiid clan, Bah Dir lineage - 1878 - 28 Sep 1911 Yuusuf Cali/Yusuf ibn `Ali 1911 - Oct 1925 Cali Yuusuf/`Ali ibn Yusuf


Bah dir Rooble Majeerteen iyo Boqor Cismaan ayuu Sayidku gabaygan u tiriyey isagoo difaacayey Daraawiishta iyo halgankoodii oo Boqor Cismaan laf-dhuungashay ku noqday:


BAH DIR ROOBLE WAA BEESHA GABOOSE EE U BADASHAY WAAGII DANBE MAGACOODA DAMAL MUUSE, LAGANA TAKOORAY AMA ERYAY KONFURTA



Bahdir inay majnuun wada tahaan marag u haystaaye Waa niman masakhan oon ahayn midhaha Daaroode Waa niman siddii Moolaadhabe miciya dheerdheere Waa niman maddada oo cir weyn oo masiiba ahe Waa niman lafaha mudhuxsadoon muruqna reebayne Waa niman haddad min u furtoo malab durduursiiso Ama aad maqaarreyda geel xero u meegaarto Waa niman inay mahad naqaan laga malaynayne Cir milshiyey dhulkoo malaf ka baxay maalka oo dararay Waa niman martidu eeyan tegin madal ay joogaane Waa niman madaal inay baxshaan loogu muhanayne Waa niman haddaad gabadh markab ah maqaasiinka u geyso Wuxuu fiidka horre mayracoo marakabeeyaaba Waa niman masaladood jabtoo hooyadood mira e Waa niman misciliisha ugu jira sina u meerkeede waa niman candhada laga maraa milil ka dhiiqaaye Waa niman maruubada lafoo minidu dhaaftaaye Waa niman siddiii mowle bahal laga mareertaaye Waa niman mareeg lagu dabraa sida maliid awre Waa niman madhuushoodu tahay mooye qaab darane Waa niman margigu siiban yahay iyo mataanuhuye Waa niman macaankii jannada meel aan ku lahayne Waa niman futadu maastahoo duud maloogna ahe Waa niman miskaha lagala dhacay qaare madax weyne Waa niman minjuhu ay yihiin miiqan taag darane Gabaygaa ha laguu maadsadee mariya oo geeya Markab nagaga sii qaada oo meel walba u dhoofsha Nimankii makhaayadaha fadhiyey naga mihiibsiiya

Cabdullaahi Sheekh Ismaaciil) BIYOMAAL DIPLOMAT AND DEPUTY PRIMEMINISER OF SOMALIA

Abdullahi Sheikh Ismail (Somali: Cabdullaahi Sheekh Ismaaciil) was the deputy prime minister and foreign minister in the transitional government of Somalia. He was appointed to that position on December 1, 2004 as part of a partial government formed by Prime Minister Ali Muhammad Ghedi. He lost these positions in August 2006 when Ghedi formed a new government. Unlike many other members of the government, Ismail was not a member of one of the factions which has fought for control of the country since the early 1990s. He was previously the foreign minister of Somalia during the mid 1990s.
Abdullahi Sheikh Ismail was the ex-Somali Ambassador to Russia under the Siad Barre government. Ismail is from the powerful Dir clan, and from the Bimal of the Marka region. He lived in Addis Ababa in the past ten years, and has close connections with the Ethiopians.

THE BIYOMAAL MAXAMED XINIFTIRE DIR CLAN

The Biyomaal (Somali: Biimaal) is a Somali clan that forms part of the Dir and live along the coastline of the southern part of Somalia.
The Biyomaal of Merca fought against the Italian colonial rulers of Italian Somaliland in a twenty-year war known as the Biyamaal Revolt, in which the Dir assassinated several Italian governors. During the Biyamaal Revolt several prominent leaders were killed and their memorial monuments can still be found in Merca in the Shabeellaha Hoose region.
The Biyomaal were one of the self-governing clans of 17th century and they had a Sultanate that governed the coastal area of the Shabeellaha Hoose region.
During the last decades of Somali Civil War (1988 - current), Biyomaal were one of the unarmed clans in Southern Somalia but have retained their influence in the policy of the failed state.

Major sub clans
Kalafow,
Ismiin
Saleebaan
Abeena Guray
Sacad

XEER DIR CUSTOMERY LAW

Anno Revenge killing by one clan or sub-clan against another in the
absence of diya payment.

Barax Broadly translated into English as ‘mixing’, it is a practice not
accepted by Somali shari’a courts as the distortion of Islamic law
through mixing with other sources of law.

Dhig Aspects of xeer guud which apply to penal matters, including
murder (qudh), aggression (qoon), and thievery (tuugo).

Dhaqasho Aspects of xeer guud which apply to civil matters, including issues
of family (xilo), private property (xoolo), territory (deegan), and
hospitality (maamuus).

Diya A main principle of xeer, this is the ‘blood compensation’ paid by
one diya group to another, usually in the form of livestock.

Diya group Small social units that take collective responsibility for their own
security, as well as undertaking an obligation to compensate
other groups for any harm committed by one of its members.

Dumal The practice of forcing marriage between a widow and a male
relative of her deceased husband.

Gar dawe A xeer proceeding that strictly applies customary law in an
adversarial manner to determine guilt and innocence.

Godobtir The practice of forcing marriage between a young girl and an
aggrieved clan as part of a diya payment.

Higsian The practice of forcing marriage between the sister of a deceased
wife and the widower.


Madani Neighbourhood-based ‘vigilant groups’ which arm themselves to
provide for local security.

Masalaxo A xeer proceeding that focuses on mediation to identify a
solution that is acceptable to all parties.

Mooryaan A social category for bandits and uncontrolled militia.
Shahad Solicitation of financial and material support by Somali
traditional elders.


Suluh Broadly translated into English as ‘resolution’, it is a practice
applied by Somali shari’a courts to integrate Islamic, traditional
and statutory laws into a single workable decision for a case.
Xeer Somali customary law.

Xeer begti Respected and qualified elders who are entrusted to maintain
knowledge of applying xeer.
5
Xeer gaar Specific aspects of xeer that regulate localised economic
production relations for clans and sub-clans specifically
involved in pastoralism, fishing, frankincense harvesting, etc.

Xeer guud Generally applicable aspects of xeer which are generally
applicable across all Somali clans, and regulate day-to-day
social life, civil and penal matters, and dispute settlement.

Xissi The most fundamental stipulations of xeer for which
unquestioned historical
adkaaday precedent exists.
6