Aqoonyahan Eng Hashi oo ka hadlaya Taariikhda Beelwaynta Jaarso oo Sheegaya in Ay Beesha Direed Ka Soo Jeedaan

Beesha Direed Guure Bilicda Biyo Dhaceenada Iyo Jawiga Buuraha Ceelkari Faarax Cabdi

Kulanka Qurbo Joogta Gurra Dhamole ee North America 2016

History of The Dir Clan Gurra in Gurra Dhamole, Goro-Baqaqsa and Qarsa Dulla- Afdheer Zone

Daawo Sawirada:

http://guradhamole.org/Photos_and_videos.php

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAUQlwPlIkU

Gurra Clan in Ethiopia’s Somali Region


The Somali region of Ethiopia is one the 9 regional sates that form the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. It is composed of three layers of administrative structures: namely nine zones, 52 woredas and about a thousand kebeles (the lowest government administrative units). The region has a total population of 4.2 million according to 2007 population census report (CSA 2007). The Gurra clan lives in three woredas namely- Gurra Dhamole, Goro-Baqaqsa and Qarsa Dulla. These weredas are administratively among eight weredas that constitute Afdheer zone in the most southern tip of the region bordering southern Somalia and Kenya.



Gurra Clan in Ethiopia’s Somali Region


The three districts climate is hot and dry with average temperatures ranging from 26 to 30°c. However, Guradhamole can be quite chilly at night as it’s situated at the very foot Dhamole and Habrona Mountains in a narrow valley. In the three districts, two rainy seasons generally occur, the long rains (Gu’) of late March to early June, and the short rains Deyr) of late September to early November. Average yearly rainfall is estimated to range from 600mm-1000mm. 1000 being a good year for the areas neighbouring Bale highlands like in Guradhamole capital, Harodibe.

The three districts cover two ecological zones: the low altitude arid and semi arid, and the mild temperate zones. The arid and semi-arid areas at low altitude of 500 to 800 meters above sea level (ASL) are by far the most predominant and comprise roughly 80 percent of the total land area. The mild temprate zones cover areas bordering Bale Mountains in Guradhamole werda. There are dozens of perennial and seasonal rivers that flow throughout the zone. These are: Genale, Web and tributaries of Genale like Dumal, Mana, Welmal, Dayu and Doya.


Population features and clan composition


The inhabitants of the three districts are ethnically Somalis and it has a mix population of nomadic transhumant pastoralists, agro-pastoralists and petty traders. The latter are mostly returnees who came back home from Somalia republic after 1991change of government In Ethiopia and civil strife in the former. However, pastoralist livelihoods constitute about 90% in Guradhamole while Gorobaqaqsa can be considered a pastoral district with a very small population in the capital and few other settlements like Hargadab and Hagarmoqor. Guradhamole has fast growing agro-pastoral groups due to its rain fall and proxy to other agro-pastoral groups in Oromia neighbouring districts like Harodumal and Dallo-mena where significant Gura clan members reside and practice mixed farming.

 The population of the three districts is 113,862 according Central Statistics Authority census of 2007. Qarsadulla is a newly recognized district which has a grate potential for dry land farming providing that basic infrastructure such as roads are developed. Pastoralsim is the main livelihood of the people in the district. However, Guradhamole wereda population census have serious flaw according to local administration and clan leaders and felt far from representing the actual population which puts in doubt the legitimacy of census. The claim is a large portion of the wereda population has not been counted due to the erroneous map that was used by Central Census Authority.
There is no reliable data of livestock population in Somali region as whole besides mere estimates. So in the three weredas according to elders each Gura household have on average 20 camels, 10 cattle and 50 Shoats. Therefore, total livestock estimates are 378,860 camels, 189,430 cattle and 947,150 Shoats.


Clan compositions in the three weredas (districts)


The clan composition inhibited in the three weredas is Gurra which is majority clan that belongs to Somali wider Dir family. There are also minority Somali clans like Dhaweyd, Adjuran , Karinlle and Asharaaf. Some of the clans including Gurra are bilingual communities that speak both Oromo and Somali languages of the eastern Cushitic linguistic families.



Historical events


Major events in the three weredas from the time of Emperor Menilik expansion towards the south and east, are related to resource and way of life protection wars. Around 1887 Guras along with other Siko-Menda clans fought the expansionist Emperor Menilik army at Magaalo near a well known Sofi-Omar cave. Particularly, Gura suffered heavy causalities from the modern weapons used by their opponents weakening severely their military capability. There was also long standing pastoral conflicts with a branch of Ogadeni clans over livestock raiding mainly camels recorded according to Gura oral history that caused displacement and migration from grazing land and sorghum farms in the Bakol valley.
The three weredas also shares and has a long history of insurgency resistance and popular movements that highly influenced its history with Ethiopian state. The popular Bale up raises known as Ijoole Bale (The Children’s of Bale) and the subsequent Liberation movements by joint effort of Somali and Oromo groups supported by Somali republic can be sighted as an example. 1964-1979 –Ethio-Somali contestations and wars over territory has marked the history of the clan and the adjacent areas. This era is known as the era of fire arms. For example the brand of arms introduced to the area gets its name for that decade, Jaan Cadde, Dhoobir, AK etc..



 1991 – 2009 with the change of Government in Ethiopia marks special historical venue in the Gurra clan area. Huge population of returnees coming to the area from Somalia refugee camps and the introduction of Federal system in Ethiopia constitute contemporary history.
On the other, ethnic based administrative regions establishment brought both opportunities and challenges to the people of Gurra as also true for other communities in Ethiopia. The federal system provides opportunities to self rule that many sacrificed their dear life for it and introduced social services unknown to inhabitants in their history. In the process of constituting Federal system that resulted in turn the disintegration of old identities and reconstitution of new ones some violent conflicts affected the Gurra clan relations with clans that they used share common pastoral resources.

Hussein Ismail Dir Diplomat and Statesman Ethiopia -Afugud or Gibril Muse (Afguduud) , Makahil (Makahiil) section of the Gadabursi

Ato Hussein Ismail

 

Hussein Ismail or Husein ismail (Somali: Xuseen Ismaciil, Arabic: حسين إسماعيل‎,Amharic: አቶ ሁሴን እስማእል) also known as Ato Hussein Ismail was a Somali Ethiopian statesman who held several spots in the Ethiopian government. He is the first Somali to be promoted to a Minister, Ambassador, Commissioner and Politician in Ethiopia to the government of the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces, Police, and Territorial Army or simply short the DERG that ruled Ethiopia from 1974 to 1987.

 

Hussein Ismail was born in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia and belongs to the Afugud or Gibril Muse (Afguduud) , Makahil (Makahiil) section of the Gadabursi (Gadabuursi) or Samaron (Samaroon).[2] He served his country as Chief-Administrator of the Illubabor Province in Ethiopia after the fall of Haile Selassie.[3] Furthermore he became Governor of Dire Dawa, Ambassador to South Yemen, Ambassador to Bulgaria, Ambassador to Cuba and Minister of Education and Commisioner for Pensions and Social Security for Ethiopia.[4] He also was a member of the Central Committee of COPWE (Commission for Organizing the Party of the Working People of Ethiopia).[5] He laid the foundation for Somali inclusiveness into Ethiopia.

 

Career

Governor of Dire Dawa

Chief-Administrator of Illubabor Province (1974 - 1976 )

Minister of Education (August 1976 - 1978)

Member of the Central Committee of COPWE (1979-1984)

Commissioner for Pensions and Social Security (1978 - 1983)

Ambassador of Ethiopia to South Yemen (1983 - 1984)

Ambassador of Ethiopia to Cuba (1984 - 1986)

Ambassador of Ethiopia to Bulgaria (1986)

 

1.^ Quarterly Economic Review of Uganda, Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti. Economist Intelligence Unit. 1978.

2.Jump up ^ "Pmac Announces Governmental Appointments". 1976.

3.Jump up ^ Legum, Colin (1975-01-01). Ethiopia: The Fall of Haile Sellassie's Empire. Africana Publishing Company. ISBN 9780841902299.

4.Jump up ^ Daily Report: Eastern Europe. The Service. 1986.

5.Jump up ^ Service, British Broadcasting Corporation Monitoring (1983). Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa.

6.Jump up ^ Service, United States Joint Publications Research (1979). Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa.

 

 

 

 

Qariirad Beesha Bimaal Dir iyo Deegankeeda Old Italian Map Showing Bimaal Dir Territories in Mogadisho and Mark

Marxuum Col. Cabdi Warsame Isaaq

Abdi Warsame Isaq

 

Abdi Warsame Isaq, or more famously known as Colonel Abdi Warsame Isaq, (Somali: Cabdi Warsame Isaaq, Arabic: عبدي ورسمة اساق‎ ) was the chairman of the Southern Somali National Movement (SSNM), a military faction during the Somalia war. It consisted mainly of Biimaal, Surre and other southern Mahad Dir clans.[1]

 

Abdi Warsame Isaq hailed from the Biimaal clan of the Dir clan family, more importantly from the Gaadsen branch of Biimaal. Formally allied with Aideed, the chairmain of the SSNM, Colonel Abdi Warsame in 1993 broke with General Aideed and took part of the SSNM with him when he aligned himself with Ali Mahdi.^[2][3]

 

Mr. Lennox-Boyd

[holding answer 19 January 1993]: The recent meeting of Somali factions in Addis Ababa was arranged by the United Nations. We, the EC, and the United States have consistently supported the United Nations peace initiative in Somalia. The following representatives of Somali factions attend the meeting.

1.      1. Somali Africans Muki Organisation (SAMO) Mr. Mohamed Ramadan Arbow, Chairman

2.      2. Somali Democratic Alliance (SDA) Mr. Mohamed Farah Abudllahi, Chairman

3.      3. Somali Democratic Movement (SDM)¹ Mr. Abdi Muse Mayow, Chairman Colonel Mohamed Nur Aliyou, Chairman¹

4.      4. Somali National Democratic Union (SNDU) Mr. Ali Ismael Abdi, Chairman

5.      5. Somali National Front (SNF) General Omar Hagi Mohamed Hersi, Chairman

6.      6. Somali National Union (SNU) Dr. Mohamed Ragis Mohamed, Chairman

7.      7. Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM)¹ General Aden Abdillahi Noor, Chairman

8.      8. Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM)¹ Colonel Ahmed Omar Jess, Chairman

9.      9. Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF) General Mohamed Abshir Musse, Chairman

10.  10. Southern Somali National Movement (SSNM) Colonel Abdi Warsame Isaaq, Chairman

11.  11. United Somali Congress (USC)¹ General Mohamed Farah Aidid, Chairman

12.  12. United Somali Congress (USC)¹ Mr. Mohamed Qanyare Afrah, Chairman

13.  13. United Somali Front (USF) Mr. Abdurahman Dualeh Ali, Chairman

14.  14. United Somali Party (USP) Mr. Mohamed Abdi Hashi, Chairman

¹ The USC, SPM and the SDM were divided into different factions owing different allegiances.

http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1993/jan/25/somalia

 

The Biyomal, a small group that lives in the vicinity of Mogadishu, is a subclan of the Dir. According to the Supplement to Information on Country Conditions on Somalia, "The Dir family can be divided into three sections: Issa, Gadabursi, and Biyomal [Biyemal]" (Toronto Front 15 Feb. 1996, 51).

According to The Price of Peace: Somalia and the United Nations 1991-1994, the Biyamal are the majority clan in the Lower Shebelle (Gilkes 1994, 144). Gilkes distinguishes between the northern Dir and the southern Dir and notes that although the Biyamal were known for their struggle against the Italians, as a southern Dir group, they "were previously ignored." (144). Gilkes states that the Dir and particularly the Biyamal, supported the Southern Somali National Movement (SSNM), but adds that the SSNM had split. "Early in 1993 its chairman, Colonel Abdi Warsame, broke with General Aydeed and took part of the SSNM with him when he aligned himself with Ali Mahdi" (147).

Marxuum Col. Cabdi Warsame Isaaq

INAA LILAAHI WA INAA ILEEYHI RAAJICUUN
Waxaa bishan September 10, 2011 ku geeriyooday magaalada London ee dalka Britain Marxuum Col. Cabdi Warsame Isaaq. Marxuum ayaa ahaa nin magac iyo taariikh dheer ku leh dalka Soomaaliya, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa dadkii dhaliyey kacaankii uu hogaaminayey Maxamed Siyaad Barre.

Waxaa geeridiisa la ogeysiinayaa dhammaan eheladiisa meel kasta oo ay joogaan. Waxaanan ilaaheey uga baryeynaa in uu jannadii farduusa ka waraabiyo, dhammaanteyna samir iyo iimaan allaha naga siiyo. AAMIIN…AAMIIN….AAMIIN.

GADSAN

Firkii Hore Ee Beesha Direed iyo Tarikhdooda- Ancient Dir Folklore

Beelah Direed ee konfurta Somalia (Mudug/Galgaduud/Sh.Hoose) dagan waxa
ay sheegan in odeyga Direed uu dhalay Afar wiil oo kala ah:

Madaxeyne Direed oo curad ah, Mahe Direed oo ku xigeen ah, iyo labada
kale oo kala ah Madoobe Direed iyo Mandaluug Direed oo ugu yar da'a
ahaan marka la eego.

Taarikhiyan waxa ay rumeysanyihiin Dirka Galbeedka iyo Konfurta dagan
dhoor qodob oo ku saabsan tariikhda hore.

1)Dadka Direed in ay ka yimaadeen dhankan Galbeedka bilawgii, kunsano
ka hor.

2)Magaca Dir in uu macnahiisu yahay "Fir" ama Ab. Oo lagu macneyn karo
geesi ama Dhiire.

3)Konfurta Dirta dagan wexey rumeysan yihiin in ay Dirka xukumi jireen
Saladiin loo yaqiin ROOBLE oo ahaa ilaaliyaasha Xeerka iyo caadada
beesha.

Rooble- Xeerbeegti,Qareemo, amanduuleyaal,Roobdoonayal,iyo mareynta
reerka ayaa lagu aqoon jiray.Guud ahaana waxa ay ilaalin jireen xeerka
oo Dirku rumeysnaa in ay ka dhaxleen Dir Aji abkoodi hore. Madaxdan oo
loo aqoon jiray Roobleyaash dadku wey ixtiraami jireen ila heer xitaa
isha laguma godi jirin, oo xitaa "ILKULULe" ayaa loo aqoon jiray.

4)Waxa kaloo ay rumeysan yihiin in Zeylac magalada la yiraahdo ay Dir
badan soo jidatay qarnigii (700 AD) halkaas oo ay ka soo dageen Asxaab
badan oo Rasuulka(Caleyhi salatu wa salaam) u soo diray magaalada
Zailac Hijradii koowad. Oo dadka Direed iyo Canfarta (Oday Caliga) ay
waagii danbe ka wada asaseen labo boqortooyo oo la kala dhihi jiray
CIFAT iyo Cadal.

5)Dirta koonfurta iyo Galbeedka dagan waxa ay rumeeysan yihiin oo kale
in 1400 ay dhaceen dagaalo far badan oo xabashida iyo muslimiinta is
dagaaleen. Ilaa ay xabashida oo adeegsaneysa (Portugees)burtaqiis ay
cagta mariyeen boqortooyoyinkii Musliminta oo kuwa Direed ee Cifat iyo
Awda ka mid ahayeen.

6)Dhamaan waxa ay rumeysan yihiin Dirka in ay door weyn ka ciyaareen
fidinta diinta Somalia iyo Ethiopia dhexdooda.
Sheekhyada waaweyn ee geeska Afrika sida Sheikh Xuseen Bali, Aw
Barkadle, Awbarre iyo qaar kale ay Cadal iyo Cifad ka soo jeedan.

4)Beelaha Biyomaal iyo Suure iyo Guure waxa ay sheegan in 1600-1750 ay
u soo guureen duleedka dalka (Gobalada dhexe iyo labada wabi dhexdooda)
mudo yar ka dib dagaladii Axamed Gurey iyo Amxaarada.

Xeer ciise- Xeerka Boqortoyada Ciise Madoobe Dir

Waxa Xaqiiq ah in Xeer Kasta oo Ummadi leedahay lagu dhisay Ujeedo ka Turjumaysa Falsafada uu ku Dhisan yahay Xeerkaasi . hadaba Xeerka ciisaha oo lagu Tilmaamo ka ugu Raadraac dheer marka la eego Geeskan Afrika ayaa marka la tix raaco noqonaya mid koobsanaya Dhammaan Qaybaha Nolosha Dadka iyo duunyadaba. Waa mid kala Hagaya Ismaandhaafka Ciisaha isla markaana Qeexaya xidhiidhka ciisaha iyo Bulshooyinka kale.

Xeerkan oo ay ka soo Shaqeeyeen Odoyo Dhaqammeedyo Xeerbeegti ah Khibarad sarena u lahaa Xalinta iyo Xadaynta Mashkaladaha Bulshada ayaa u Huray Nafahoodii iyo Maalkoodiiba si ay uga Midho dhaliyaan Habaynta iyo Iskudubarridka Xeerkan. Waana ta Maanta Keentay in ay Baal Dahaba lagu Qoro Magacyadooda, Bulshaduna u og tahay Wax qabadkooda.

Qaab dhismeedka Xeerkan Ciisahe een Faahfaahintiisa hoos ku xusi Doono ayaa ah mid ku Dhisan rukuno Asaas u ah Xeerka.

Waxayna Yihiin sidatan :

1. Lix (6) Kabood.

2. Boqol iyo lixdan Dhagalay (160)

3. Saddex boqol iyo lix iyo Soddon (336) Sarood.

4. Afar boqol iyo Afar iyo Afartan ( 444) Indhal.

A) Lixda Kabood.

Lixda kabood oo ah qaybaha uu xeerku ka hadlay waxay kala yihiin.

• Dhiig • Dhaqan • Dhaqaqaal • Dheer • Dhul • Dhibleh

1) Dhiig

Kabta koowaad ee dhiiga waxay u kala baxdaa

Dhimasho ( dhimasho waxa ay ka dhigantahay labo reer ciisaha oo islaayey) Dhagar ( qof qof dilay) Jab iyo Jareexo ( Waa wixii dhaawac ah ee la isgaadhsiiyo) Boqolkii Cune. 2) Dhaqan.

Doorashada Ugaaska. Gandaha 44 nin Gudi oo ah 12 nin 3) Dhaqaqaal

oo ah xeerka qaabilsan dhaqaalaha

Dhaqaaluhu wuxuu u kala baxaa Mood iyo Nool. Ciisuhu xeer uma dhigin moodka. Noolku wuxuu ka koobanyahay ( Sagaal halaad iyo Dameer iyo Ey) Sagaalka halaad waxay u kala baxaan ( Saddex waa dhaban, Saddex wa Dhaxal, Saddexna waa Dhibaad)

4) Dheer

Dheertu waxay ku saabsantahay xuquuqda iyo dhibta loo gaysto haweenka.

Xuquuqda ay Hawenku wax ku helaan

1. Dhaban wax ku hesha 2. Dhaxal wax ku hesha.

Dhibta loo gaysto. Haweenku waxy u kala baxaan sida tan

1. Bila Cad 2. Baara Cad ( gabadha aad u yar) 3. Gambo Cad 4. Banaanay 5. Gabadh wiilsidatay. 6. Duqdii Saddex goor ka ca. 7. Gorgor 8. Gidir 9. Golo ka bood 10. Sodoh 11. Islaan xigaaleed 12. Gabadh ninkii ay u doonanayd xumeeyey. 13. Xaynkeed wadha ( gabadhani xeer ma leh)

5) Dhul

Dhul ku wuxuu u kala baxaa Bad iyo Beri. Hadaba Ciisuhu Bada xeer uma dhigin. Dhulku wxuu u kala baxaa ( Beer; Daaq iyo Ceel) Ciisuhu Xeerkii Siti lagu dejiyey wax Beer ah kamuu hadlin inkasta oo dad Ciisaha ka mid ahi mudo 70 sano laga joogo ay xeerka Beeraha samayteen. Ciise wuxuu ka hadlay Daaqa iyo Ceelka .

6) Dhibleh

Kabta lixaad oo ah dhibleh oo macnaheedu yahay qofkii dhibaatada loo geystay ciisuhu waxay u kala saareen. Afar dhagaleey.

Reerka ciise ( Waxa la yidhi Kuna ha ahaadaane waa nin Waxa kale oo la yidhi Ciise waa wada ciise nina nin caaro ma dheera) Ahli ( waxaa loo jeedaa Soomaalida kale) Hiirimaad ( Wixii Islaam ah ee aan ahayn Soomaali) Dhibleh ( waa qofka Gaalka ah) Lixdaa kabood ayaa aas aas u ah Xeerka ciisaha Waxaana lagu sii faah faahiyey dhagalayda ama Sarta iyo Indhasha la dhigay.

QAAB DHISMEEDKA XEERKA CIISAHA

QAAB DHISMEEDKA XEERKA CIISAHA

Hordhac.

Beesha ciisaha oo ah beelaha leh xeer qoran oo soojireen ah ayaa waxa la soo weriyey in ay keentay in ay samaystaan xeerdardaaran hore oo ay qabeen.
Cali Abokor Maxamuud Yuusuf Ciise. Ayaa iskugu yeedhay Ciise wuxuuna yidhi waakii aabaheen inoo dardaarmay ee yidhi ‘ markaad noqotaan boqol gaashaan qaadaSamaysta xeer iyo boqor’ markaa waa in aynu samaysanaa Xeer aynu ku dhaqano iyoboqor ina maamula. Halkaana waxaa lagu doortay gandihii ugu horeeyey waxaynafadhiisteen dixda Salal waxayna halkaa ku doorteen Ugaas kii ugu horeeyey waxaynaku heshiiyeen Dhuuni ( biyo,daaqa, iyo martida) saddexdaa qodob ayeygo’aamiyeen in aan la isku diidi karan.
Xeerka ka hadalkiisu mudo badan ayuu socday waxaanala fadhiistay meelo badan iyo wakhtiyo kala duwan waxaana ka mida. Dixda Salal,Gargaara, Kartataan, Carowayn iyo ugu danbayntii oo xeerka lagu lafo gurayGunburta Siti.
Wakhtigii la jabiyey Ciidamadii Axmad guray Dadkamuslimiinta ee Sooamaalida waxa ku dhacay dhibaato wayn. Dadkii magalooyinkiiway ka qaxeen waxayna u baxeen baadiyaha.
Mudo markii sida lagu jiray ayaa Xasan gadiidshe uu ciisihii iskugu yeedhay inay isku yimaadaan Ayna habeyaan xeerkoodii si ay dadka aaye ugu reebaan Waxaanala fadhiistay Siti.
Gunburta Siti oo ah meeshii ugu danbaysay ee xeerka loo fadhiisto lagunahabeeyo ayaa waxaa la doortay 44 Gande ku waas oo mudo sanad ah halkaa fadhiyeykana hadlay waxwalba . Gandaha halkaa fadhiyey waxay lahaayeen rag culumo ah ooCilmiga Fiqiga yaqaanay kana ilaalinaayey wax walba oo Shareecada Islaamka kasoo horjeeda ,waxa ku jiray Afar nin oo amnigooga ilaanaayey. Gandaha wakhtigaawaxaa loo yaqaanay Ayo
Habdhiska Xeerka

Xeerka Ciisuhu dhisteenwuxuu u ka koobanyhay Sida tan
1. Lix (6) Kabood.
2. Boqol iyo lixdan Dhagalay (160)
3. Saddex boqol iyo lix iyo Soddon (336) Sarood.
4. Afar boqol iyo Afar iyo Afartan ( 444) Indhal.

A) Lixda Kabood.
Lixda kabood oo ah qaybaha uu xeerku ka hadlaywaxay kala yihiin.
• Dhiig
• Dhaqan
• Dhaqaqaal
• Dheer
• Dhul
• Dhibleh
1) Dhiig
Kabta koowaad ee dhiiga waxay u kala baxdaa
? Dhimasho ( dhimasho waxa ay ka dhigantahay laboreer ciisaha oo islaayey)
? Dhagar ( qof qof dilay)
? Jab iyo Jareexo ( Waa wixii dhaawac ah ee la isgaadhsiiyo)
? Boqolkii Cune.
2) Dhaqan.
? Doorashada Ugaaska.
? Gandaha 44 nin
? Gudi oo ah 12 nin
?
3) Dhaqaqaal ( oo ah xeerka qaabilsan dhaqaalaha)
Dhaqaaluhu wuxuu u kala baxaa Mood iyo Nool.Ciisuhu xeer uma dhigin moodka.Noolku wuxuu ka koobanyahay ( Sagaal halaad iyoDameer iyo Ey)
Sagaalka halaad waxay u kala baxaan ( Saddex waa dhaban, Saddex wa Dhaxal,Saddexna waa Dhibaad)

4) Dheer
Dheertu waxay ku saabsantahay xuquuqda iyo dhibta loo gaysto haweenka.
Xuquuqda ay Hawenku wax ku helaan
1. Dhaban wax ku hesha
2. Dhaxal wax ku hesha.
Dhibta loo gaysto. Haweenku waxy u kala baxaan sidatan
1. Bila Cad
2. Baara Cad ( gabadha aad u yar)
3. Gambo Cad
4. Banaanay
5. Gabadh wiilsidatay.
6. Duqdii Saddex goor ka ca.
7. Gorgor
8. Gidir
9. Golo ka bood
10. Sodoh
11. Islaan xigaaleed
12. Gabadh ninkii ay u doonanayd xumeeyey.
13. Xaynkeed wadha ( gabadhani xeer ma leh)
5) Dhul
Dhul ku wuxuu u kala baxaa Bad iyo Beri. HadabaCiisuhu Bada xeer uma dhigin.
Dhulku wxuu u kala baxaa ( Beer; Daaq iyo Ceel)
Ciisuhu Xeerkii Siti lagu dejiyey wax Beer ah kamuu hadlin inkasta oo dadCiisaha ka mid ahi mudo 70 sano laga joogo ay xeerka Beeraha samayteen.
Ciise wuxuu ka hadlay Daaqa iyo Ceelka .
6) Dhibleh
Kabta lixaad oo ah dhibleh oo macnaheedu yahayqofkii dhibaatada loo geystay ciisuhu waxay u kala saareen. Afar dhagaleey.
? Reerka ciise ( Waxa la yidhi Kuna ha ahaadaanewaa nin Waxa kale oo la yidhi Ciise waa wada ciise nina nin caaro ma dheera)
? Ahli ( waxaa loo jeedaa Soomaalida kale)
? Hiirimaad ( Wixii Islaam ah ee aan ahayn Soomaali)
? Dhibleh ( waa qofka Gaalka ah)
Lixdaa kabood ayaa aas aas u ah Xeerka ciisahaWaxaana lagu sii faah faahiyey dhagalayda ama Sarta iyo Indhasha la dhigay.

Diyaariye Ibraahim( xeer Ciise)
GANDE
I.WaaMaxay Gande ?
Gande waa erey aan wadaag ku nahay , Beesha Oromada oo aan ka wada tirsanahayBahweynta ku shitika . Ereyga Gande waxaa uu micnihiisu yahay Maguuraan xaggaluqada marka loo eego.
Marka La eego Xaga xeerka Ciisaha ‘Gande waa xeer beegti ay tiradoodu dhantahay44tan’.
tiradadan afar iyo afartanka ah waxay ka soo jeedaameel fog .oo waxaa adeegsan jiray Faraaciintii ka talin jirtay Dalka Masar .Soomaaliduna waxay xidhiidh soo jireena ayey lalahayd.
Waxaa ka loo ay leeyihiin Nimanka Taariikhda udhuun dalooli Culumadii soo gaadhsiisay Diinta Islaamka Geeska Afrika waxa aytiradoodu ahayd 44tan.Aragtidaa oo lagu kala gadisan yahay waxaa ragga qaar ayqabaan inay ka soo dageen Magaalada Zaylac isku soo wada duuboo tirada 44ka ahwaxa ay leedahay xusid gaara


I. WaaMaxay Gande ?
Gande waa erey aan wadaag ku nahay , Beesha Oromada oo aan ka wada tirsanahayBahweynta ku shitika . Ereyga Gande waxaa uu micnihiisu yahay Maguuraan xaggaluqada marka loo eego.
Marka La eego Xaga xeerka Ciisaha ‘Gande waa xeer beegti ay tiradoodu dhantahay44tan’.
tiradadan afar iyo afartanka ah waxay ka soo jeedaameel fog .oo waxaa adeegsan jiray Faraaciintii ka talin jirtay Dalka Masar .Soomaaliduna waxay xidhiidh soo jireena ayey lalahayd.
Waxaa ka loo ay leeyihiin Nimanka Taariikhda udhuun dalooli Culumadii soo gaadhsiisay Diinta Islaamka Geeska Afrika waxa aytiradoodu ahayd 44tan.Aragtidaa oo lagu kala gadisan yahay waxaa ragga qaar ayqabaan inay ka soo dageen Magaalada Zaylac isku soo wada duuboo tirada 44ka ahwaxa ay leedahay xusid gaara.
Guurtidii fariisatay Gunburta Sitti waxay tiradooduahayd 44tan . kaa soo loo qaybiyey sidatan .
* (8) Ceeleeya ah oo uu ka sideedaad uu Ceeleeyuhuku helay Curadnimo
*(8) Wardiiqa ah Wardiiqu ka sideedaad ku helay Boqornimo.
*(7) Hawlaqaada ah.
*(7) Holle ah.
*(7) Hooroone ah.
*(7) Uur wayne
Gudidii fariisatay Gumburta Sitti oo sida aan korku soo xusnay tiradoodu ahayd 44tan sidoo kale afar waxaa loo xulay inaynoqdaan gaadh , kaasoo ilaalinaya Madasha uu shirku ka dhacayo . halka Guddida44ka ahna ay gorfaynayeen talada.
II.Qaybaha Gandaha
Gande wuxuu u kala baxa Gande Ugaas iyo duca yeel.
1) Gande Ugaas waa gandaha dooranaya Ugaaska , marka uu xilka baneeyo amaba aygeeri kutimaado
2) Gande ducayeel waa Gande la furo xilli gaar ah .hadaba maxay ku kala gadisanyihiin gande Ugaas iyo Gande duca yeel ?
III.Hawlaha Gandahu Qabto
Gandaha ducayeelka doorasho looma igmanin eehawshiisu waa ducayeel , waxaana la furaa reero gaara ah.
Gande Ugaas waxa uu yahay xilkiisu xallintakhilaafaadka iyo doorashada Ugaaska
• waxaana la furaa reero gaara ah .
Gande waxa uu u kala baxaa Ciidan iyo Caado.
Caado waa sida sideeda Reer ee Gandaha la furo ,sideedaa oo kala ah .
1. -Walaal- doon Rooble Axamed ah.
2. -Wardiiq Reer bare ah

3. -Reer Guulane Reer Waraabe ah oo waliba kasii ah Hufane Sheekh.
4. Wardiiq oo Eeba Cabdala ah .
5. Sacad muuse oo reer gadiidshe oo ka ah reeraadan xasan
6- yoonis muuse oo reer macalin oo ka ah rooble saciid.
7- akhtimahure reer cadaawe ah
8- furlabe saciib oo ka ah reer xaaji.
haddaba sideedaa Reer waxaa loo yaqaan Caado, waana sideeda Reer ee salka u ahGandaha .
Sideedaa inta ka hadhan waxaa lagu soo xulaa aqoon iyo iimaan. Sidaas dartedgandaha midab kale waxaa la yidhaahdaa Ducayeel.
*Gande Ugaas waxa uu kaga duwan yahay GandeDucayeel ,Reeraha qaarkood oo ku Ducayeelka ayaan ku jirin Gande Ugaas.
IV.Xubin ka noqoshada Gandaha
Waxaa xubin ka noqon kara Gandaha ,Shakhsiyaadkabuuxiya Shuruudahan soo socda

* waa in uu ahaado Ciise Ciisa dhalay.
*waa in uu ahaado nin aan dhagaroobin .
*Waa in uu ahaado nin aan caydh ahayn .
*waa in uu ahaado nin Salaada ilaaliya.
* waa in uu ahaado nin xaasle ah.
* waa in uu bilcan ka soo jeedo oo ay hooyadii aynaahayn dumaal.
*dhaqaala ahaan ummaddu waxay ku tiirsanahayxoolaha la dhaqdo, haddaba ninka xubin ka noqonaya Gandaha waxaa laga raba inuuwato LO, haddii uu lahayna waxaa looga soo ergiseeyaa cidda ugu dhaw.
*Lo’da laga raabaa waxa ay leedahay shuruudo,taasoo ah .
*Loda waa in uu ku jirin Booli oo ay ahaato xeroudhalad ama ka soo jeedo xoogsi lahubo xalaalnimadiisa , iyadoo laga fogaanayoquudashada xaaraanta
Bulshaweynta Soomaaliyeed oo raacato u’badan , waxaay hadba u hayaamaan meesha ay ka maqlaan hayb Roobeed amase uu ka hilaaco . siay ula lagdanto nolosha adag Reer miyiga u caadada ah .
Dhanka kale hadaan ka joogsano waxaan soo tilmaamnay inuu gande yahay Maguuraan, sidaas darted waxaa adag in maguuraan iyo xoolo dhaqato ay meel iskuguimaanayn.
*Gandaha ducayeelka layidhaahdo marka Abaari dhacdowaa lakala furaa.
*Gande ugaas sababta loo dajiyey ayaa ahayd layli tirka ugaaska sidaasi darteedisagana Abaari hadday timaado waala kala furaa. Waxaase loo reebaa ugaaska laboiyo toban Odey oo joogta ah , waxayna matalaan Gandihii la ka furay xaaladaAbaareed awgeed .
V. Qarnigiii tagay iyo Gandihii lafuray
Gandihii Weeraad ooahaa Gandihii Ugaas Xasan doortay waxaa la furay WaaruF .
Waxaana laga xasuusanyahay ragga ay magacdoodu kala ahaayeen .
1) Kooshin Cabdalle oo ahaaReer Aaden Xasan oo ahaa ninkii Gundhataha udhigay ugaaska.
2) Bahdoon Dilaal ooahaa Wardiiq Yeesuf ah oo waliba kasii ah Reer Geedi Cali .
3) Buux Geele Dhinbiil oo ahaa Sacad Muuse oo ah Reer Makaahiil waxa uu uxilsaarnaa sahanka iyo xiiritaanka .
4) Ina Bila Xaas oo ahaaWalaadoon Reer Axammad ah. 5) Ina Buux Kolomeyte oo ahaa dhabac.6) GeeddiQasnad Ride oo ahaa Reer Guulane Reer Waraabe ah .
7) Muuse Dabaal oo ahaa Wardiiq Reer Xasan ah .
8) Shariif Jilaani oo ahaa ninkii Ogaaska ka xiiray . 

 

 

 

 

 http://beeshadireed.blogspot.ca/2011/05/xeer-ciise-madoobe-dir.html