Beesha Suure Xeerkii Hore ee Beesha Direed Odeyga Direed iyo Bilaawgii Samaale ---Abtiriska Guud Ee Beesha

Qoraal Tusmo ah 04/01/2003
Tabiye Warame Agoon


Muddo haatan laga joogo 1400 sano ayaa Odeyga Direed dajiyay Xeerkii ugu horeeyay uuna ka soo kicitamay Waqooyi Galbeed iyagoo ay fidinayaan afarta Direed(Maahe, Madaluug,Madoobe iyo Curadka Madaxweyn) iyo adeerkood (Digaale) xeerkii Aji ayaay qabsadeen beelahii Sagaalka Samaale iyo Qowmiyadihii kale ee dalka ku dhaqnaa ama geesta Africa. 110 Qabiil ayaa qaatay xeerkii Direed ee xeer aji waana tan sababta ay dad badan u yidhahdaan odeyga Direed wuxuu dhalay cadad ah 114.


Waa dhab Samaale wuxuu bilaawgii ka koobnaa 9 qabiil oo maanta aynu u naqaano 9kii Samaale oo ay ka joogaan beelaha Sida Meeyle Kunshiile Uur Midig ama Xawaadle, Huuber, iyo sida Cawaramalah.

Hase ahaatee markii uu xeerka aji Soo baxay oo dadkii geeska Africa ku wada noola ay qaateen Xeerkii Direed ee Xeer Aji dhamaan dalka wixii ku noola wexey noqdaan Aji Dir oo 110 beelood oo dalka dagi jiray ayaa ku biiray qaatayna hab dhaqameedka iyo xeerkii cusbaa oo ku saleysanaa Xeer Ajiga. Magaca Umadii sameysmatayna waxaa uu noqday Aji ama Kuwii xeerka Samaa oo Markii danbe isku badalay Samaaleh ama kuwii lahaa xeer samaa-Leh. Beenaha la abuuray mudooyinkan danbe waxaa ka mida in la yiraahdo Samaale waxaa uu ka yimid Soomaal (Soo-maal)oo ku saleysan hasha soo-maal oo kale.

Waa been ee Samaaleh wuxuu ka yimid Dhaqan iyo Hide iyo Xeer uu keenay Dir Aji oo Dad fara badan qaateen iyaagoo u arkaya hab nolaleedkaa Direed mid sare oo Samoleh, Ka dib 9kii beelood ee ka koobnaa 110 qaateen Xeer ajigii waxaa ay umadii geeska Africa ku nooleed noqotay Aji ama kuwii qaatay Dhaqankii Samaada-lahaa ama Somali. Waana Sababtan dadku u arkaan in ay ka askumeen Dir xitaa Dir oon Dhalin dadkoo dhan hadana Somalida Maxayga ku hadla waxaad ku arkeysa in ay Dir saa u arkaan oo dhaqankooduna Dir aasaasay. Tusaale ahaan : Xeerka iyo Dhaqanka kaliya loogama dayan Dir ee xitaa abtirsiinyadooda sida:afarta Direed(Maahe, Madaluug,Madoobe iyo Curadka Madaxweyn) iyo adeerkood (Digaale) ayaa la raacay. Qabiilkasta oo Somaaliya ku nool waxaa uu raacaa "formula" habkii Direed ee Afarta iyo Adeerkood bal daras qabiilkaad doonto waa Afar iyo Adeere: 4 Absame iyo Adeerkood, 4 Habar Gidir iyo Adeerkood, Xawaadle 4 Cabdale iyo Adeerkood Samafale, 4 Habar Awal iyo Adeerkood Makaahil, 4ta iyo adeerku qabiil aan laheyn waa yaryahay


XEERKII DIREED EE HORE Suure



XEER SOMALIGA IYO XASOORKA DADKA SOMAALIYEED WAXAA ALIFAY OO HINDISAY HEER BEEGTIDA DIREED. XAQA, XEERKA, IYO HABKA XADQUDUBKA LAGU XALIYO XEERBEEGTIDA DIREED AYAA ALIFTAY.

FIIRI, KALMADA XEERBEEGTI, WAA KII XAQA BEEGAY AMA MIISAAMAY. INDHEERGARADKII HORE IYO CUQAASHII HORE EE DIREED WAXA AY AS -AASEEN WAXA LA YIRAAHDO XEER ILAALINTI OO BARIGII HORE AY SUMAD U AHEYD GEEDKA IYO GUDIGA HOOS FARIISATA, WAXA CAADO AHEYD IN QOFKII LAGU XAD GUDBO UU SAMEYSTO XEER ILAALIYAAL (LAYERS) OO AHAA GAR YAQAAN. QAREENO AYAA JIRAY KU TAQSUUSA XEERKA IYO GARTA. RAGA XEERKA YAQAAN EE INDHEER GARADKA AH KALIYA AYAA TALIN JIRAY, BARIGII DANBENA TALIYAYASHA DIREED WAXAA LOO AQOON JIRAY GARAAD.

XADAARADIHII HORE EE DIREED WAXA AY SAMEEYEEN XUKUUMADO ADAG OO AY KU FADHIISIN JIREEN XEERKOODA IYAAGOO DADKOODA IYO DADKA KU DHEX NOOLA BARIGAA SINAAN IYO WALALTIMO KU DHAQI JIRAY. TAASI WEXEY KEENTAY IN MUDO YAR KA DIB MARKII AY BEELAH DIREED KA SOO KICITIMEEN DULEEDKA ITOBIYA IN DADKII DALKA JOOGI JIRAY OO DHAN IN AY HOOS YIMAADAAN XUUKAMAD DIREED OO AY SHEEGTAAN XITAA IN AY DIR YIHIIN.

XEERKII HORE EE MANTA LOO YAQAAN XEER SOMALIGA WAXAA LAGA SOO GAARAY AYAA LA YIRAAHDAA ODEYGII DIREED IYO ABIHIIS AJI.

MAANTA WAXAAD DADKA SOOMALIYEED MEEL WALBA AY JOOGAAN JIRAAHDAAN NINKII XEERKA DIR LAGA SOO GAARAY KA LEEXDA AJI MAAHAN AMA WAA MID AAN HAYSAN XEERKA AJI DIREED.

CAADOYINKII HORE EE DIREED EE DHAQANKA SOOMALIDU KA ASKUMAY DIRKII HORE WAXA AY DIHI JIIREEN WAA HIBOOYIN IYO GARAAD UU ILAAHEY KU MINEYSTAY, OO XAGA SARE KA YIMID OO UU ILAAHEY KU MINEYSTAY.


XUKUNKA GARAADKA

BARIGII DIR AY DALKA KA TALINEYSAY WAXA BEELAHA U TALIN JIRAY GARAADO KA DUWAN HABKA QABIILADAN HADA YIMID GARAADADOODA AY ISKU ARKAAN. BEELAHA DAROOD IYO HAWIYE MAANTA GARAAD WAXA AY U YAQAANAN NIN WAALAN OO KALIGII TALIS AH OO DADKA MAQUUMIYA OO INTA BADAN DHIIGYA CAB AH, AADNA U MASAKAX YAR.

DIRKII HORE EE MAGACAN SAMEYSTAY WAXA AY GARAAD UGU YEERI JIREEN NIN MASKAX BADAN OO GARAADKIISU SAREEY0, GARTAMA WIXII SAN. MARKII WAXA QARIBMAANA AMA DADKIISU IS QABTAAN KALA SAARA OO GARTA U QAADA.

GARAAD DIR WAXA AY U AQOON JIREEN NIN BARTA HEERKA IYO SIDA GARTA LOO QAADO.

MARKA DIRKII HORE WEXEY KU QEEXI JIREEN GARAAD, NIN GARTA U AADA DADKIIS.


CIDAMADII HORE EE DIREED

CIDAMADII HORE EE DIREED 1000 SANO KA HOR AYAY BIXIYEEN, OO ALIFEEN HABKA IYO XEELADAHII DAGAAL EE ILAA 1990 AY ISTACMAALI JIREEN CIDAMADA SOMALIYEED EE DOWLADA SOMALIYEED.

DIRKII HORE WAXA AY ARUURIN JIREEN WIILASHA YAR YAR MARKII AY QAAN GARAAN OO AY 15 JIRSADAAN OO AY U XULI JIREEN UNUG UNUG (UNITS) . UNUG KASTA WAXAA LA ORAN JIRAY (JIIL AMA JAAL) (COMMARADS). SIDAD OGTIHIIN SIYAD BARRE OO AHAA NIN WAX BADAN OG AYAA WAXAA UU KA EEGTAY KALMADII (JAALE) FIKRADII HORE EE DIREED.

DIRKII HORE KOMANDAHA CIIDANKA WAXAA AY UGU YEERI JIREEN ABAN DUULE AMA AMAAN DUULE. HORE JOOGAYASHA CIIDANKA WAXA AY U JAQAANEEN GAASHANLE, CIIDANKA KUN KOR UDHAAFANA GUUTO.

===============================================================
Wednesday, January 13, 2010Ancient Somali Dir Clans Constitution: Xeerkii iyo Xeerbeegti


Xeer Beegtida: Xeerka Dir Aji Ama Xeer Aji
Aragtida Direed
Dadku waa xayawan hadeysan xeer leheyn, waa sifidaa kala saarta habar dugaga iyo insaanka

Xeerbeegtida garta wexey u kala saaraan:Curad - gar horey loo xaliyay oo akhyaartu kasto iyo mid lama arag ah oo ay Ugub u yeeraan. Precedence or novel.

Xeer Alleh oo Suuru ay u yaqanaan Garta Illah oo Shareeco da ah Quran iyo Hadiith, Khabiirkuna loo yaqaan Fiqi ama xaakim diinta iyo shareecada kabiir ah. Gar Odey Ama Gar Xeer beegti waa kuwa xeerka aji ga yaqaan Xeer Somaliga -oo si miisaman u gar naqa- beeg waa miisan ama waxlax laqu qiyaso oo cabirta garta.

"weelasha lagu missaamo hadhuudka waatan dhahno waxa baa lagu beegaa. Heer kul beege- therometer garta beega ama misaama

Garsoore- kadibna garta sidey tahay u kala soora- siismo sida cuntata. Xaq soore ama mid Garta soora.

Garaad: waa kalmad ay beelahan hada madaxa qaaday ee xukun iyo darajada jecel sida daroodka ayaad ku arki . Laba dhulbahante ah oo isku disha anigu garaad baan ahay iyo garaad anaa kaa sareeya is dili jiray ayaan habeen dhan ka dhadhicin kari waajay macanaha Dirkii hore magacaan u lahaa.

Gar-aad wuxuu ahaa beelo markey is qabtan ninka garta u aadi jiray kalana saari jiray beeshisa iyo ta kale. Shaqo culus oo laga kala cararo ayay aheyd waayo gar-aadah Direed in uu Garta si sax ah u sooro oo hadii laga leyahay iyo hadii kaleba runt ka hadla.

Waatii Dirkii hore oran jireen Gar-waaqso kas garta Alleh.

Garta Alleh iyo Garta Odey ama Sida Madoobe Dir dhahaan Xeer Alleh iyo Xeer Oday. Waa kala saarida shareecad Ilaahey ee Quranka iyo Samaha aan ka dhaxalnay abkii hore, waa xeerka ajiye.
Barax- waa marka leysku milo ama dhafo Garta Alleh ( Shareecada iyo Quraanka) iyo Xeerkii hore Garta Odeyga. Suulux ( Sulxin) ayay Fiqiyadu ama imaamada isku dayi jiree oo ah in Xeerka Odayaasha iyo xeerka Alleh la is waafajiyo, oo xeer Somaliga la hoos keeno Islamka, lagana jaro wixii Islaama reebo intii la Barxin lahaa. Baraxa waa marka xeerka odeyga oo lid ku ah xeerka Alle la is dhinac eryo labadoo isla hor imanaya. Fiqiyada Suure ee muduug 1700 kii waxaa ay istacmali jireen Suluxin ama sulux oo ah qalooci xeer odeyga ilaa ka Alleh uu aqbalo, hadii oo ka hor imaneena daa oo hir gali.

1700-1800 intii u dhexeysay Fiqiyada Surre ee konfurta ayaa wexey ku caayi jireen dhaqanka Somalida Barax (Badhax) mid qasan oo ka kooban Shareeco iyo cadadii hore, ikuna dayi Jireen in ay nadiifiyaan, sida hada ay Maxakiimta iyo Wadaadada cusub ee Somalia.

Xeerka Aji Dir

Qarnigii 800 xeerka guud ee Dir ee somali oo dhan qadatay ee Xeer Aji la yirahdo ayaa Sameysmay. Beelaha weey badaleen ama gobol walba naqtiin iyo dib u habeen ayuu ku sameeyay Xeerka Aji.

Xeer Bimaal 1400

Xeerka Isaaq 1300

Ciise iyo Gadabuurisi oo isu xeer dhaw waxa ay dib u habeyntii ugu dambeyay Sameeyeen 1500 Dhicidii Awdal / Ifat State ama Boqortoyadii Gurey markii ay dhacday. Xeer Ciisah1560 kii waxaa lagu sameyay Aiysha oo 360 odey ay u fadhiyeen 12 bilood.

Surra Dir xeer ayay sameeysteen oo dib loo habeyay 1700.

Xeerka Sameyntiisa

Inta badan odeyaal badan ayaa fariista xiliyada isbadallada dhacaan ama dagaalada oo wexey ka wada hadlaan arrimahan

Xeerka Guud

Xilo -Guurka
dhaqasho- reerka
Deegan
Xoolo
Maamuus Hospitality
Maslaxaada Guud ee bulshada maxay tahay sideena loo sharciyeeya, si uunsan nin walba salaada ugu tukan dhankuu doono.
Si ay Xeer Guud u dajiyaa, waxyaabah sameeya bulshada iyo dismaha bulshada, dhaqaanka. Xeerka Guud = Civil Law- Xeer guud regulates day to day living and guides all social interrelations.

Xeerka guud waa sharci saameeya bulsho weyn oo haga una tilmaama sida suuban ee loo wada noolado.

Xeer Gaar- waa marka qeyb yar ama gaar ah oo bulshada ka mida ay soo food saaran dhibatoying aan kuwa kale haysan oo odayashooda ay si gaar ah u sameystaan Xeer Gaar ah oo aysan bulshada inteeda kale lehey. Beelah Zaila ama Barbara markii ay ka sameysmeen ganacsato waaweyn oo noloshoodu ku dhisantahay ganacsi iyo mayacmushtar oo ay ka soo bexeen xoola dhaqatadii xeer gaar nidaamiya ganacsiga oo xeer xoolo dhaqatadu u sameeyan ayay sameeysteen. Sidoo kale Dirka Koonfurta oo beero lahan jirin markaa ay yimaadeen Jubbada hoose waxa ay sameysteen Xeer Gaar kuwood beeraleyda noqday.


Xissi - xeer aasaasi ah oo tarikhiyaan soo jireen ahaa oo an lagaba doodi karin, leyskuna raacsan yahay kor iyo hoos bulshadoo idil.

6) Dhiiga Criminal law

Dilka - Qudha
Qoon-
Tuugo
Dhaca
Magta ama Diyada
Xalinta Aano- marka dil dhaco, oo kooxdii laga dilay la mag dhabin, kooxdii laga dilayna aarsi iyo caradooda laga baqayo
Magtu waa imisa, sideese tolku u geybsan doonaa, Jufo, jilib, reer iyo wixii la mida
Magta inta isla bixisa waa koox siyasadeed oo wada duula wadana aarsada, intee Diyada isla bixisa Diya- Paying Group.
Qofka dila yaa loo raacanayaa, oo jilibkee ka midyahay
Xeerka Guud wuxuu mar walba eegi jiray dhibaatooyinka soo noq noq da ee Somalidu isku qab qab sadaan, sida dhulka, markuu dhaco dil, boobka xoolaha, iyo aano, qoon, ilaa aflagaado.

Gar Dhaw- waa marka laba kooxood ama ruux oo is haysta xaalkooda xeer beegti la dhex keeno oo laga doodo oo loo gar naqo iyadoo la raadinayo eedeysane iyo mid laga gar daran yahay si loo xukumo. Geer beegti, garsoore, iyo qareen ayaa garta meel mariyaa.


Dhaqashada somalida waxa ay isku dayi jireen oo cado ka dhigeen Dumaal, si hadii nin dhinto walalkii ama ehelkii mid aad ugu dhaw loo dhiso gabadhuu ka tagay si reerkii ay caruurtey dhashay uga bixin oo nin shisheeyo oo laga baqayo inuu xumeeyo caruurta uu san dhalin asagu. Hadii nin gabadh ka dhimato oo ay caruur ka tagto, ninka waxaa loo dhisi jiray walaasheed oo caruurtii hore habaryar u ah oo leysleeyahay weey u tudhi doontaa oo waxaba ka garan meeyso Somalidu cadadan Xigsiin ayay dhih jireen

Godobtir waxaa loogu tala gali jiray hadii nin geeysto dil fool xun reerka laga dilay ninka xoolo iyo gabadh ka dhalatay reerka wax dilay ayaa laykugu dari jiray si dhiigu u joogsado

Qareen waa kalmad 1400 sano ka hor ay isticmaali jireen Garaadayasha ama xeerbegtida kuwa difaaca edysan ama la eedeyaha.
" Mahamaah: Misko la koro miskiin baa leh, " ayay somalidu tidhi, ayagoo u jeeda qofku hadii uu tabar daran yahay wax taageero ah na haysan yaa difaacaaya.

Ajidii hore waxa ay ogaadeen xaq daro fara badan in ay ka soo foofto kuwa bulshada ugu awood sareeya iyadoo dhibo fara badan gaarsiisa ka awooda badan leheyn. Dadka noocan ah ee daciifka ah yaa difaacaya ?

Dirka, konfurta waxa ay sheegan odeyga Direed wiilkiisa Maahe Dir in uu arinkaan ka gubtay, kadib markii uu arkay in mar walba ay dulmanayaasha yihiin kuwa ugu xooga yar Somalida. Waxaa uu ku jawaabay maadama Weyn, Abuurah iyo uumah ifka uu xaq soorah runta ah yahay oo uu si un ugu aaro ka daciifka ah ee uu isagu uunto. Waxaa la yiri muddo dhoor iyo toban sano kadib ayuu soo kacay aroor oo uu yiri, " Nabsi ayuu weynuhu adeegasadaa", oo si uun baa loo ciqaaba kii tabar yarah Dhib. Waxaa la yiri, gabey iyo guubabo ayuu ku fidiyay fikradaan Nabsiga. I uu Illahey si toos ah oon lex lexad leheyn uu ugu aaro adoontiisa tabarta yar. Waa " Waa waxa la dhihi karo " instant Divine Retribution" ciqaa xaga illahey uga timaada kuwa dhiba masaakinta, tabar ta yar. Mahe Dir wuxuu wiilkiisi curad ka ahaa u baxshay Xiniftire- ama mid isku tax luujiyo inuu la dagaalamo xanuunka xaq darada la xiriira, Xinif-Tire (Xanuunkaa bi'iye) sida dadka waa weyn siiba Habraha madhaleyka, ruux kasta oon tabar iyo xeelad uu isku difaac leheyn, dadka laga tiro badan yahay, Kuwa safarka ah, agoonta, iyo kuwa maskaxda looga jiro ( Waalan ama Maraanka ah)

Waa Dhab: Misko la koro miskiin baa leh.

Maanta Soomaliya wexey la gubaneysaa oo la holceysaa kuwooda tabarta leh wexey bah dilaan oo gumeystaan kuwooda tabarta yar.
Maseyrka ka haysta iyo kaan heysan waxaa ka dhashay dad in ay lugaha isugu dhuftaan tol iyo qaraabo mid walba oo iswada xasda. Isu ogaleen nimacada Illahey ee cidwalba deeqda.


Qarnigii 1300 Boqortoyada Ifat, Moora iyo Adulis waxaa asasay ''Gurgure Ali iyo ''Gadabuursi oo dhamaan axmed Guray,Axmed nuur,iyo Gidaarka Harar ku wareegsan dhisay. Magalada Dira Dhabe waxa loogu bixiyay "Dir baa Dhabay" ama meeshi uu Dir waranka ka Taagay kolkii ay Gurguraha ka kacsheen 'Gaalada. Generalka Gurgure Garaad Ibrahim waaqoyiga Somalia markii uu cidan ka soo doontay 1434 tii isaga iyo Hogamiyihii Garad Sacid ''Somaroone oo Garadka ''Gadabuursi ahaa waxa ay u yimaadeen ''Isaqa oo barigaa ahaa Magadle Dir. Wadanka Qeybihiisa koonfurta iyo waqooyigaba dadkii Gurgure ee xukumi jiray xiligaa wali Dirta koonfur iyo kuwa Waqooyiba wa laga helaa Haatan. Nabidoorka iyo Baciida Gurgure oo Dadkaa Habar Jeclo xukumi jiray asasayna wali magacyadaa ayaa loo yaqaana:


Koonfurta Beelaha Degan Sida' Reer aw sacid, Layiile, Sure, Gure,Gariire, dhamaan waxay ka soo jeedan dhankaa. Suldaanka Ali madax weeyne waxaa ku Abtirsada oo kale ''Xawadlaha iyo Qabiilka Jiida Cali ee Qoryooley dagan. Afarta sheekh ee Waqooyiga somaliya keenay Awbare,Sh. Yusuf Kawnin, iyo Aw Buube waxa lagu sheega in ay Harar ka soo tageen 1300 oo ay diinta ku Faafiyeen ilaa Gobalka Bale ilaa hada Abe Xuseenka Bale Reerka Guure oo Gurgure/Akisho la dhashay oo Gure Dhammole Degmada Nageyle agteeda daga ayaa sheegta 'Sheikh Xuseen. Nasiib daro Tariikh badan ayaa la aasay Maanta. Barsuuga Dir, Madigaan, Magaadle (Ceerigaabo), Boqortoyadii Biyamaal oo uu Talyaaniga Baabiyay, Bajimaal, Suure Cadalle iyo Qubeys (Mudug), Jiido, Guure,Gariire,Gadsan,iyo dhamaan intayada waqooyi galbeed ( Isaaq,Ciise iyo Gadabuursi) isku Ab Baanu nahay. Dir Aji ! Madaxweyn Dir (1) Gurgure, Guure, Akisho, Jiido,Gariire, Layiile,Aw sacid i.w.m, Madoobe Dir (2) Ciise (wardiiq,howgati) Mahe Dir ( Biyamaal,Suure,Dabruube, Barsuuq,Magaadle, Quranyow-Gare iwm ) Mandaluug Dir ( Gadabuuris iyo Mandaluug Sure la daga) Qaldho Dir ( Noole iyo qar kale Afrata Qaaluu )

Xeer Beegtii Beesha direed ee 800 sano ka hor iyo Xeer hoosaadyadoodii:


Waxaa Moodaa Marka aad Maqasho Xeer Beegti Ama Guurti. Isla Markaaba inaad soo Xasuusanayso Qoomiyadda 'Direed Dadka ku abtirsada somali waxa Xeer Udegsan Dhamaantood waa Xeerrarkii ay horay Noogu Dejiyeen Cuqaashii Direed ee Hore, Dadku waa xayawaan hadeysan xeer leheyn, waa Sifada kala saarta Habar-dugaga iyo Insaanka. Xeerbeegtida Garta waxey u kala saaraan: Curad – Gar horey loo xaliyay oo Akhyaartu Kasto, iyo Mid lama Arag ah oo Loogu Yeedho ''Ugub. Precedence or novel. Xeer Alleh oo Beesha Suruhu ay u yaqaanaan 'Garta Illah' oo Shareecodda ah Quran iyo Hadiith, Khabiirkuna loo yaqaan Fiqi ama xaakim diinta iyo shareecada kabiir ah. ''Gar Odey Ama Gar Xeer beegti waa kuwa xeerka Aji-ga yaqaan Xeer Somaliga -oo si Miisaa'man u Gar Naqa- Beeg waa Miisan ama Walxaha laqu Qiyaso oo Cabirta Garta. Weelasha lagu missaamo hadhuudka waatan aynu Nidhaahno waxa Baa lagu Beegaa Heer kul-Beege ( Therometer ) Garta Beega ama Misaama Garsoore- kadibna Garta sidey tahay u kala soora- siismo sida cuntata. Xaq-Soore ama mid Garta soora:


Garaad: waa kalmad ay Beelahan hada Jooga Qaarkood Sida daroodka ay U isticmaalaan Darajada Ugaas-ka Mid lamidda. Dad Badan ayaadan ka dhaadhicin karayn Macanaha Dirkii hore uu magacaan u lahaa. Gar-aad wuxuu ahaa Beelo markey is qabtan ninka Garta u aadi jiray kalana saari jiray Beeshisa iyo ta kale. Shaqo culus oo laga kala cararo ayay aheyd waayo Gar-aadaha Direed in uu Garta si sax ah u Sooro oo hadii laga leyahay iyo hadii kaleba Runt ka hadla. Waatii Dirkii hore oran jireen ( Gar-waaqso' kas Garta Alleh Garta Alleh iyo Garta Odey ama Sida Madoobe Dir Yidhaahdaan 'Xeer Alleh iyo Xeer Oday. Waa kala saarida shareecad Ilaahey ee Quranka iyo Sunaha aan ka dhaxalnay Abkii hore, waa xeerka Ajiye, Barax- waa marka leysku milo ama dhafo Garta Alleh ( Shareecada iyo Quraanka) iyo Xeerkii hore Garta Odeyga. Suulux ( Sulxin) ayay Fiqiyadu ama imaamada isku dari jireen oo ah in Xeerka Odayaasha iyo xeerka Alleh la is waafajiyo, oo xeer Somaliga la hoos keeno Islamka, lagana jaro wixii Islaama reebo intii la Barxin lahaa. Baraxa waa marka xeerka odeyga oo lid ku ah xeerka Alle la is dhinac eryo labadoo iska hor imanaya. Fiqiyada Beesh Sure ee Gobolka Muduug 1700 kii waxaa ay istacmali jireen Suluxin ama sulux oo ah qalooci xeer odeyga ilaa ka Alleh uu aqbalo, hadii aysan ka hor imanayn Udaa oo hir Gali:


1700-1800 intii u dhexeysay Fiqiyada Beesha Surre ee konfurta ayaa waxay ku caayi jireen Dhaqanka Somalida Barax (Badhax) mid Qasan oo ka kooban Shareeco iyo Cadadii hore, Iskuna dayi Jireen in ay Nadiifiyaan, sida hada ay Maxakiimta iyo Wadaadada cusub ee Somalia, Xeerka Aji Dir Qarnigii 800 Xeerka guud ee Dir ee somali oo dhan qadatay ee Xeer Aji la Yirahdo ayaa Sameysmay. Beelaha Weey Badaleen ama Gobol walba Naqtiin iyo dib u Habeyn ayuu ku sameeyay Xeerka Aji.
''Xeer Bimaal 1400
''Xeerka Isaaq 1300

''Ciise iyo ''Gadabuurisi oo isu xeer dhaw waxa ay dib u habeyntii ugu dambeyay Sameeyeen 1500 Dhicidii Awdal / Ifat State ama Boqortoyadii Gurey markii ay dhacday. Xeer Ciisaha 1560 kii waxaa lagu sameyay Aiysha oo 360 odey ay u fadhiyeen 12 bilood.






Abtiriska Guud Ee Beesha Dir Iyo Inta Ay Udhasheen Beelaha Direed Ka baro halkaan

Filed under: Sports,Wararka Somalia |



The Surre Dir Clan : Cabdalla and QubeysSUURE:CABDALLE IYO QUBEYS
Suure waa beesha Direed ee ugu badan Goballad Dhexe siiba gobalka Mudug, Galgaduud iyo Hiiraan. Sidoo kale Suure waxa ay dagaan Galbeedka Hawd sida Shaygoosh, Qabri Dahare, iyo Gobalada Doolo Cado, Jarati, iyo Jubbada Hoose sida Jammam iyo deeganada kale ee Dirka Koonfurta daga.
Dadka koonfurta dagan waxa ay Dir u yaqaanan oo maskaxdooda ku soo dhaca markii magacaa la soo hadal qaado beesha Suure. Beeshana waxa ay Isticmaalan Magaca Direed oo Kaliya iyo Juffada hoose iyaago inta badan ka booda magacooda dhexe Suure. Somalida dagta Goballada dhexena waxa ay ugu yeeraan magacas Dir, Kaliya oo waxaa dhacda marar badan in ay yartahay qof Surre yaqaan, hadanna waxa ay qabiilada dagan goballada dhexe magacaabi karaan tobaneeyo juffo ama lafood oo Surre ah sida qubeeyka ,fiqi cumarka, Fiqi Muxummed, Nacadoor, Agoon, ama Reer Dabac. Qoraalada reer galbeedkan magacaan lagumaba qoro inta badan intaan ka aheyn qoraaladii hore ee Talyaniga sida kuwii Cerrulica.


SUURE MAHE DIR
Suure waxaa dhalay Maahe Dir oo ka mid ah afarta uu Odeyga Direed dhalay ( sedexda kale waa Madoobe Dir, Madaxweyn, iyo mandaluug.

Maahe Dir wuxuu dhalay Maxammed Xiniftire oo sii dhalay : Biyomaal, Gadsan, Bajimaal, Isaaq (Habar Awal, Habar Jeclo, Habar Yonis iyo Arap), iyo Dabruube oo Biyomaal Adeer u ahaa. Maxammed Xiniftire waxa uu dhalay kadib: Quraanyoow Maxammed (Furkisho iyo Kali) ama beesha Garre qaybta Quranyooga.
Suure Kassaale Ciredaye Guutaale Cabdalle ayaa wuxuu sii dhalay:
Habar Deel (Maxammed Guutaalle) oo Afarta Adeer u ah:Maxammuud Naalleeye iyo Samater Naalleeye
Afarta Cabdalle
1)Maxammed Cabdalle (Nacadoor) (Curadka)
  • Qotonsay
  • Xareen
  • Guulled
  • Giir
  • Kaahin
  • Ciise
2)Saleebeen Cabdalle
  • Maxamuud Saleebaan (Fiqi Khayre)
  • 9 ka Muuse Faarax
9 ka Muuse Farax waa:
  • Illma Samater Muuse ( Reer Agoon, Dabac, Iyo Bayr)
  • Cumar Muuse (Lafijogsatay iyo Dari)
  • Siyaad Muuse
  • Haruun Muuse
  • Cabaas Muuse
  • Fodcade Muuse
3)Cabdi Cabdalle
  • Fiqi Muxummed Barri- (Cumar Fiqi , Maxammed Fiqi iy0 Muuse Fiqi) Galgaduud region
  • Fiqi Muxummed Bay- 10 Jilib -Reer Aw Muumin, Reer Fiqi Axmed, Reer Macalin Faarax, Reer Aw Caddow
  • Laxmar
  • iyo Hogar Cabdi ( Oo Saleeban Cabdalle lagan)
4)Goorad Cabdalle
  • Raadsame ( Gooradka inta Badan Fiqi Maxammed Bay ayay Itoobya la dagaan Raadsame mooyee)

Qubeys Lafagaab Suure Waa Cabdalle Walalkii
  1. Qubeys Tolweyn (Fiqi Cumar)
  2. Qubeys Midkasse
  3. Qubeys Reertoonle
  4. Qubeys Axadow
  5. Qubeys YabadhaaleSuure Maxaa Fiqi ugu Badan Yahay
    Faqih- title many Surre Dir subclan names carry like Fiqi Muxummed, Fiqi Walaal, Fiqi Yaxye, or Fiqi Khayre signifies the clan founders as Islamic scholars. Faqih in Arabic means knowledge and in this case Islaamic jurisprudence, the science of religious law in Islam which the Suure produced in great Islamic scholars who are well know all over Somalia. Another, term which I.M Lewis used to describe the Suure that was widely used in British Somaliland in the Colonial period was Heer. And he used this name to describe the Suure.
    Actually, there is a Somali Isaaq poet who describes the wars between the Isaaq and Ogadeen. And he boasts that clans that the Idagalle raided include Heer and Gadsan in Qabri Dahare area the other clans are the Ogaden subclans:
    Gabeygii Ismaaciil Xayd Aflow: Xeer wuxuu ula jeedaa beelah Suure ee Haud ilaa Qabri Dahare iyo Sheygoosh daga iyo Gadsan Dir oo iyaguna dagan xagaa:
    Cabdi Dhariyo kolkaan Sheeikhash Cirigii eryaayey
    Kolkii Cabuudwaaq iyo Xer iyo Gadsan la cantuugay
    Ee inna Caruus iyo la dilay Calinkii Dunida
    he continues how he punished this enemies Cali and Reer Haruun and Reer Dalal. Read the entire Gabey at the botton of that page following the link below.
    http://doollo.com/mainpage/Maqaalada/dhurwaale.htm
    The Suure Dir Political Movements
On, 17th May, 1956 Cabdullahi Isse Names 5 cabinate Ministers which included a Surre, Qubeys , the young Minster named Mr. Maxammed Cabdi Nuur Juuje- Minister of Public works
Cabdullahi Ciise was Prime Minister (Sacad)
Maxammed Cabdi Nuur Juuje Minister of Public Works (Suure Dir)
Xaji Muuse Boqor Minister of Interior (Mejerteen)
Salaad Cabdi Muxummed Minister of Finance
Cali Jimcaale Buraale( Xawaadle) Minister of Social Works
Farax Ali Cumar Minister of Economics
The Suure Dir also created one of the first organizations to advocate for Dir interests which was the Dir Youth Association 1953 and the earliest political organization created for Dir interests was the “Associzione Gioventu Dir” 1948 and was claimed by the Somali conference as a member.
The Suurre Dir always insisted on the use of the name of Dir and always named any political movements they created as Dir movements, they used the name Dir themselves and sincerly believed that the Dir should unite under banner of Dir name and a common league or party that was named Dir.
Under the guidence of Associzione Gioventu Dir and the Dir Youth Association emerged Honorable Maxammed Cabdi Nuur Juuje.
The Biimaal Dir of Merka and Banadir also created several political movements and were very active। The following Dir parties existed in the early 1950s competing in the Southern Capital Mogadisho। A strong centralized rule of Dir elders, like the Sultan Awad Mohammed of the Surre, and the late Sultan Hussien Guurey, existed in Iskuraran District of Mogodisho, in the early 1940s.
And the Sultan of Merka was active in mobilizing the Bimaal Dir in their political efforts . The Bimaal Union was formed July, 1947, this organization had 3000 members, according to the British Administration, day it was founded which was unequaled by any Somali Party in the South.
Associzione Gioventu Dir (Suure Dir)
Dir Youth Association (Suure Dir)
Somali National League Biyomaal & Mareehan
The Biyomaal Patriotic Union 1947
The Bimaal League
Somali Patriotic Union Dir (Gadabursi and Issa)
The United Nations and the Italian colonies p-6 1950



MAGAC DIR MACNIHIISA IYO MAGACA SUURE DIR

SIDA MAR DHAW INOO CADAAN DOONTA TAARIKHDII DIREED EE HORE

WAA LA ,AASAY, OO BEEN IYO BUHU BAHAA FARA BADAN AYAA LAGU

DAHAARAY, DABOOL ADAG AYAA LAGU DADAY, CULEYS FARA BADAN IYO

MIISAAN AYUU CADOWGU SAARA.

QAAR XITAA DIR AH AYAA LA SIRAY OO LOO DIDAY MAGACOODA.

SOMALIDU SE WEXEY TIRAAHDAA ” SIRAA MA HOODO”.

INSHA ALLAH RUNTA WAA LA SOO QODI DOONA!

SIXIRKA SADRIGA DIREED WAA LAGA SAARI DOONA!

[i]MAGACA DIREED MARKA LA SOO BAARAY WAXA LAGU SIFIYAY DOOR

MACNE

1. DIR WAXAA LA YIRAAHDAA DAD (GENERIC TERM FOR PEOPLE)

2.DIR WAXAA KALE OO MACNEHEEDU NOQONEYSAA “FIR” AMA WAX LAGA

SOO ASKUMAY, DUNJI, AMA ABKII HORE.

SOMAALIDII HORE AYAA WAXA AY DHIHI JIREEN ” NEEFKA XOOLAHA AH

DIRKIISU WUXUU KA SOO JEEDA” IYAGOO U JEEDA WAXAA UU KA SOO

FARCAMAY.

3. DIR WAXAA LA DHIHI KARAA WAA NIN (MAN). WAXAA KALMADAN

XITAA KU DHAWDAHAY KALMADA (DHIIRI) OO AH NIN GEESI AH OON

CABSAN.

MAGACA DIREED WAXA LAGU MAGACAABAY LABA MAGALO OO KALA AH

DIRADHABE IYO BANADIR.

MID WAXAA BAXSHAY BEEL WEYNTA GURGURE-AKISHO (MAXADWEYNE DIR)

OO QARNIGII 1300 MAR AY LA LOOLALTAMAYEEN OROMADA AY GUULO

FARA BADANA KA SOO HOYEEN OONA AY KA QABSADEEN MEEL FAGAARO

AH OO AY U BAXSHEEN ” DIRAA-DHABE” AMA MEESHII UU DIR KA

TAAGAY WARANKIISI.

DHANKA KALE, 1500 XILIGII AY OROMADA XOOGEYSTEEN AYAA WAXAA

DHACDAY IN BEEL DIREED OO GALBEEDKA DAGAN AY SOO RIIXEEN

CIDAMADII XABASHIDA EE GUREY LA DAGAALAMAY IYO GAALADII

XILIGAAS LA SOCDAY EE PURTAQIISKA, BEESHAAN DIREED OO AAN

MANTA U NAQAANO BIIMAAL AYAA KA SOO GUURTAY WAQOOYI GALBEED

OO SOO DAGTAY GOBAL AY WAAGAAS U BAXSADEEN –BANADIR– AMA

BANKII DIREED. BARIGAAS OO AY BEESHAN DIREED EE BIMAAL KA SOO

TAGTAY GALBEEDKA-WAQOOYIGA WAXA KA HARAY LA IYAGA KA MID AH

OO MANTA DALKAAS DAGAN OO ” GAADSAN AAN U NAQAAN HADTAN



MAGAC DIREED WAA SIDA AY SUURE SHEEGEEN WAA MAGAC FIR, DAD, ASAL, AMA SINJI MACNIHIISU YAHAY. WAA MAGAC MACNIHIISU YAHAY RAG, NIN, GEESI SIDA DHIIRIID. WAA MAGAC DAD AMA FARAC LAGU TILMAAMO OO GABAYADA WAXAAD KU MAQAASHAA GABYAAGOO LEH “DIRKII HORE WAXA AY ORAN JIREEN AMA DADKII HORE”. WAA MAGAC ASAL U DHIGMA. SIDAAS WAXAA LAGA HAYAA ODEYAASHII HORE EE SUURE (CABDALLE IYO QUBEYSBA) OO AHAA QAAR MAGACA ABKOOD AAD U JECLAA ILAA HEERNA MAGACOODA DOORTAY IN AY HOOS U DHIGAAN SI KA AABAHOOD DIR LOO MAQLO.

SUURE MARKA MUXUU YAHAY MACNIHIISA

MAGACA QURUXDA BADAN EE LABAAD WAA MAGACA SUURE. SUURE WAXAA LA YIRI WAXAA DHALAY ODEYGII MAHE DIREED ISAGOO DA,DIISU TAHAY XAWAALI 80 SANO JIR AYAA MAXAMMED XINIFTIRE OO MALIN TIMAHA U JARAYA ABHII KU YIRI AABE WAAN GABOOBEY BAAD TIRAAHDAA XOOGA LAAKIN MAAD GABOOBIN ISAGOO KA YAABAY TAMARTA IYO MURUQA QADAADKA MAHE DIR KA MUUQDA. QADADKIISI UU XIIRAYAY INTUU EEGAY AYUU YIRI AABE GABAR AYAAN KUU DOONEYNAA WALEE INAADAN GABOOBINE.

GABAR 26 SANO JIRTA OO TALISO LA ORAN JIRAY AYAA LOO DHISAY ODEYGII MAAHE DIREED OO SIDEETENKII KOR U DHAAFAY. WUXUU DHALAY WIIL UU KU DARDAARMAY IN UU DHAXLI DOON XIKMADIISA WUXUUNA U BAXSHAY SUURE. KAMADA SUURE BARIGII HORE WAXAA LOOGU’ YEERI JIRAY RUUXA MASKAXDA BADAN, MAANKA SAN, AMA FAHMADA IYO XIKMAD BADAN.

KALMADA SUURE WAXAA LOO ISTICMAALAA SIDAAN HORE UGU QEEXAY IN KASTOO AF SOMALIGU ISBAD BADALAY. TUSAALE AHAAN:

SUURTA GAL MAAHA MARKAAD TIRAAHDID WAA WAXAAN AQLIGA GALI KARIN. TAASO KUU CADEYNEYSA KAMADA ASAL AHAN MASKAXDA AYAY KA TIMID

TUSAALE KALE: MARKAAN DHANO HEBEL ” KIBIR IYO SUURE BADANAA” MACNAHEEDU WAA ” QOF KIBIR IYO AQLI BADAN ISKU DARSADA QOFKU. CALAA KULI XAAL SUURE OO AH MASKAX BADAN MACNEHEEDUNA KA SOO JEEDO “SUURTO GAL-AQLI GAL AMA MASKAX- AYAA LOOGU WAN QALAY SUURE. MAHE DIREEDNA WUXUU SHEEGAY IN UU SUURE UU NOQON DOONO XIKMADIISI OO KOOBAN.

QURBA JOOGTA INGIRIISKA JECEL HA KU INDHO KUULATO “SUURE MACNIHIISA ” OO ENGLISH VERSION AH. MAGAC DIREEDNA MA JIREEN SUURE LAAN



Dear Brothers

I would love to thank you first for the wonderful forum. We need someone to promote and rise our awareness about the illustrious Dir clan.

The orgin of the Suure name

Let me add an old story about the orgin of the Suure name. As we all know by now Suure was the youngest son of Mahe Dir and he was the last one born to Mahe Dir shortly before he passed away, may Allah bless his soul.

It was said by the Dir of old, Mahe Dir one day looked at his youngest son and named him “Suure” which means in old Somali the “Wise one” or literally one who was very intelligent. Know unfortunately, this word is extinct and obsolete in modern Somali,but Suure meant “Intelligent”, Wise as in Somali we use today:

“Kibir iyo Suure badanaa”, which literally means one is full of pride and intelligency. Also the name “suure” is used in the Somali phrase:

“Maskax iyo Suure badne”

“Suurto Gal maaha”

“Waa Suuro gal ama waa aqli gal”

Therefore, in the old Somali spoken by the Dir Suure use to mean intelligent one or one who is wise. Now, this is why the Dir elders of Mudug used to say, “Suure” meant the wise one and it is the nick name given to the last born of Mahe Dir.

SHORT HISTORY OF THE SOMALI DIR CLAN BY WARSAME

Mansha Allah!

Maansha Allah! Bravo! Bravo!

This is very interesting and your wonderful analysis is mind boggling.

Honestly, I have never asked or even pondered about what the heck “Suure” meant. Isn’t it a bitch, the Suure whether Qubeys or Abdaalle are obsessed with the name Dir, but yet no one ever pondered or told us what Suure meant.

I think the sad thing about the Suure of Mudug region is they forgot their own name, Suure.

Why is it that no one uses the Suure name? Why are we so obsessed with Dir, Dir, Dir and more Dir.

Don’t misunderstand me, I quite frankly love my “Dirness”,but why is it we dont even know out own Suure name and its history?

I think it is a damn shame and disgusting the Suure do not use their wonderful name. Everybody in Somali will tell you they know Qubeys, fiqi muhumad, fiqi walaal, agoon, fiqi yahye, nacadoor, dabac,ahmed farah, Etc. But the name Suure is rarely heard.

I can tell you what Dir means and we all heard that ten thousand times. That freakin Dir means:

1)the ancestor “fir” ama “ab” ama Farac.

2) we heard Dir means “Dhiiri” boldness, Dirir “Worrior”.

3)Dir means “genetically related to” like when somalis said, “neefkan Dirkiisu wuxuu ka soo jeedaa”

4)Dir also means “people”, “race” or as in old poetry Dir meant People or man.

But I have never heard anybody explain Suure and its meaning and I love your wonderful insight.

It is extremely neat, fantastic and brillent periodly.

You are wise my brother and you, yourself must be some type of a Suure”wise one”, Genius, intelligent, and insightful.
================================
Kibir iyo Suure badanaa”, which literally means one is full of pride and intelligency. Also the name “suure” is used in the Somali phrase:

“Maskax iyo Suure badne”

“Suurto Gal maaha”

“Waa Suuro gal ama waa aqli gal”

Therefore, in the old Somali spoken by the Dir Suure use to mean intelligent one or one who is wise. Now, this is why the Dir elders of Mudug used to say, “Suure” meant the wise one and it is the nick name given to the last born of Mahe Dir.


Blog Archive