Qoraalkaan hoose ku qoron waxaa uu xusayaa in Reer Aw Said ay is dhex dagaan.
Waa Xaqiiq Reer Aw Saciid waa Layiile Cali wax ay dadna isugu Dhaw yihiin beesha Gurgure Madaxweyn Dir oo ay walaalo laxmiya yihiin hubaalna dad badan oo waxa jira moodi jiray in Layiile yahay laf hoose timaada Gurgure. Laakin qoralkaan hoos ku qoron ee la xiriirinaaya Reer Aw Saciid sheikhal anigu ma maqal. Yaa noo Macneen kara ?
Layiile waxaa ay burbureen 300 boqol oo sano ka hor qaarban meel ayay u guureen.
A) Qeyb waxa ay dhex Dagtay Ogaadeen
B) Qeyb Kale wax ay ku dhex luntay Oromo
C) Qeyb waxa ay dhex dagan tahay Sacad Muuse Reer Awal ( Reer Gadiid)
D) Qeyb kale wax ay dhex Dagan yihiin Gadabuursi
Qeybta ugu weyn ee koonfurta waxaa oo jiitay oo soo dhaweeyay beel weynt Bimaal iyo Surre Dir oo Konfurta ayay dagan yihiin Kursina Waxa ay ku leeyihiin Barlamaanka Somali Xildhibaan.
Laba Beelood oo Reer Aw Saciid Kursi ( Madaxweyn Dir)
Mandaluug Dir Kursi
Warday Kursi
1.gobolka baay (degmada buurhakaba,ufurow,bulafulaay) 2.G.shabelada hoosee (degmada qoryooley,Mubarak,tooretoorow) 3.G.jubada/hose (kismayo) 4.G.jubada/dhexe(jamame,jilib)
https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beesha_Aw_saciid
Aw Saciid waa beel ka tirsan beelaha soomalia isinkoodana waa Dir dad
badan ayaa waxay u yaqaanaan besha aw saciid in aay yihiin Shiikhaal
... Balse waa dad wada dhashay oo waxay kaliya midkayihiin magaca
shiikhaal . Beesha Awsaciid Dawladda somali waxay kusoo galaan Dir waayo
waa Dir . shiikhaasha kalena waa aay la dhasheen oo odayga Aw saciid
ayaa Bixiyey magaca shiikhaal oo marki hore ahaa shiikhyaal shan sheekh o
meel wax kuwada barta cilmiga diinta islaamka. sidoo kale waa culimo
wada meel kuwada xeroobay.
beesha reer awsaciid waxay degtaa goboladan soo socda
1.gobolka baay (degmada buurhakaba,ufurow,bulafulaay)
2.G.shabelada hoosee (degmada qoryooley,Mubarak,tooretoorow)
3.G.jubada/hose (kismayo)
4.G.jubada/dhexe(jamame,jilib)
Dagmada Saakoow na waxeey beeshu ku leedahay ama ka dagan dad aad u
badan oo gaaraya Boqolkiiba %40 Caanaha iyo Qoryahana ayaga Keena
Tuulooyinka Baroow Diinle Buulo Cadeey Baarka Muumin Dhooroow iyo
Dhakaajo dhamaan. (Xog: Dr.Abdirashid)
Wednesday, November 28, 2018
The Somali Ashraf -Reer sharif Magbul . Ashraaf Amoung Rahanweyn and Luuq area
The Ashraf
are believed to be descended from the Prophet Mohamed's daughter Fatima,
and are accorded religious status on that basis (ACCORD-Austrian Red
Cross Dec. 2008, 19-20; Independent Scholar 23 Oct. 2010). All Ashraf claim descent from one or the other of Fatima's two sons: Hassan and Hussein (Independent Scholar 23 Oct.
2010). An anthropologist working as an independent scholar who has
published a number of academic papers and a book on Somalia explained
that the Ashraf (or Asheraf) "live scattered all over Somalia (and all
over the Muslim world)" (23 Oct. 2010).
Subgroups of Ashraf
The Ashraf are generally classified into various subgroups through Fatima's two sons (Denmark 2000, 41) as follows:
Hussein:
Location of subgroups in Somalia
The Independent Scholar provided further information as follows:
According to my Ashraf informants, the Hussein branch of the Ashraf of Somalia live in the coastal towns such as Mogadishu and are part of the 'Benadiri' minority population. A few have moved to other places in order to trade or because they have bought land. …
The Ashraf Maqbull are said to originate in Luuq and near the Ethiopian border, but they also live in Mogadishu, and a few of them in Kismayo and perhaps in other places.
The Ashraf of the Hassan branch live mainly in the interior of the country (some of them of course may have gone to live in Mogadishu), and mostly are not Benadiri. However, the Ashraf al-Ahdali in Marka, who are Benadiri, are said to be Hassan.
One of the best known Somali Hassan groups is the Ashraf Sarman; they originate in an area called Sarman or Saraman, near Huddur in Bakool region .… There they are associated with the Leysan, who are part of the Rahanweyn. Their native dialect is therefore the 'May-May' dialect of the Rahanweyn. Today they are also found in Baydhaba and the Bay region, in Mogadishu, Kismayo, Luuq, Jalalaqsi and Bardhere and in Afgooye.
In Mogadishu they have been acknowledged and to some extent absorbed by the Benadiri Ashraf there. (23 Oct. 2010)
The Independent Scholar explained that the Benadiri are not so much a clan as "an alliance of separate descent groups based on living in the same cities" (30 Oct. 2010). The Benadiri have also been described as a group outside the traditional Somali clans (Abbink 2009, 36) that is made up of people "who share an urban culture and who are of mixed origin (Persian/Portuguese/Arabian/Swahili/Somali)" (Denmark 2000, 38).
Affiliated clans and risks from other tribes
The Independent Scholar said that tribal alliances, affiliated clans or risks from other clans are all specific to the particular subgroup of Ashraf and the location of the subgroup in the country (26 Oct. 2010). She clarified that the Ashraf tend to form alliances with whichever clan they are living among (26 Oct. 2010). This information is corroborated by a report produced by the Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD) with the Austrian Red Cross (Dec. 2009, 20). The ACCORD-Austrian Red Cross report states that Ashraf live integrated with the various Somali groups or clans with whom they have settled (Dec. 2009, 20). A Northern Arizona University associate professor of history whose research focus is Islamic Africa stated, in a telephone interview with the Research Directorate, that alliances between clans and tribal groups in Somalia are fluid and contextual, and added his opinion that available knowledge of clan alliances is not comprehensive (Associate Professor 27 Oct. 2010).
According to the ACCORD-Austrian Red Cross report, the Ashraf's religious status means that they are "usually protected" by those among whom they live (Dec. 2009, 20). The Associate Professor similarly stated that, when doing fieldwork in Somalia in the 1990s, he found the Ashraf to be "quite respected, at least in principle" (27 Oct. 2010). He added that, although people in urban centres might privately complain about an individual Ashraf, from a religious point of view, the Ashraf were considered to be morally superior by virtue of their descent (27 Oct. 2010). The Independent Scholar also said that the Ashraf who live with the Benadiri are "traditionally respected for religious reasons by their fellow citizens" (23 Oct. 2010).
However, the ACCORD-Austrian Red Cross report indicates that the Ashraf may be subject to the "same problems as their 'host clans'" (Dec. 2009, 20). In particular, the report states that the Ashraf who live with the Benadiri may have been "targeted" along with the Benadiri people in the early days of the civil war (ACCORD-Austrian Red Cross Dec. 2009, 20). According to the Independent Scholar, the Ashraf living with the Benadiri have, like the Benadiri, "been subject to brutality and persecution by the militias since the breakdown of government" (23 Oct. 2010). The Independent Scholar further clarified that, while the "situation of the Benadiri is certainly not as bad as it was, relative to the rest of the population … they are still especially vulnerable" (26 Oct. 2010).
The ACCORD-Austrian Red Cross report maintains that the Ashraf are "not targeted as a minority as such" (Dec. 2009, 20). The Associate Professor stated that, in the early 2000s, the Ashraf were not specifically "targeted" as a group (Associate Professor 27 Oct. 2010). However, he added that the conflict in Somalia has since evolved with the emergence of various Islamic groups, such as Al Shabaab (ibid.). Al Shabaab has been listed as a "terrorist" group by the government of Canada (Canada 7 Mar. 2010).
The Associate Professor stated that Al Shabaab "targets" the Ashraf for ideological reasons (27 Oct. 2010). In particular, he stated that Al Shabaab denies any kind of moral hierarchy based on descent (Associate Professor 27 Oct. 2010). He indicated that Al Shabaab considers the Ashraf to be bid'ah or an "unlawful innovation" with respect to Islam. The Associate Professor stated that the Ashraf are at risk of being killed or "persecuted" by Al Shabaab (ibid.).
Similarly, the ACCORD-Austrian Red Cross report states that the Ashraf who live among the Digil-Mirifle "may be targeted" by Al Shabaab (Dec. 2009). The report states that this is partly because Al Shabaab denies the religious status of the Ashraf and partly because Al Shabaab is politically opposed to Shariff Hassan (ACCORD-Austrian Red Cross Dec. 2009, 20). Shariff Hassan is a high-ranking political figure who is an Ashraf and who played a role in the 2008 Djibouti peace agreement between the Transitional Federal Government and the opposition group Alliance for Re-liberation of Somalia (ACCORD-Austrian Red Cross Dec. 2009, 6 and 20).
The Digil-Mirifle are a mainly "agro-pastoralist people living in the area between the Juba and Shabelle rivers in Southern Somalia" (ACCORD-Austrian Red Cross Dec. 2009, 11).
Further or corroborating information regarding Al Shabaab's treatment of the Ashraf could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response.
Sharif
On the subject of the name Sharif, the Independent Scholar states:
Sharif (the word of which Ashraf is the superlative) is a title, rather like 'Father' addressed to a priest. It is an Arabic word meaning 'noble' or 'respected'. It can be attached to one of a person's names or to more than one, and an individual may use it at one time but not at another. It can be used by all Ashraf, but is not necessarily and many nowadays prefer to omit it. It is not generally a personal name, and hence will not necessarily appear on documents such as identity card or passport. (It is sometimes used as a personal name, not only among the Ashraf.) (23 Oct. 2010)
This Response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the Research Directorate within time constraints. This Response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Please find below the list of sources consulted in researching this Information Request.
References
Abbink, J. 2009. The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Editon). Working Paper 84/2009. Leiden, The Netherlands: African Studies Centre (ASC). [Accessed 3 Nov. 2010]
Associate Professor of History, Northern Arizona University. 27 October 2010. Telephone interview.
Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD) and the Austrian Red Cross. December 2009. Clans in Somalia: Report on a Lecture by Joakim Gundel, COI Workshop Vienna, 15 May 2009 (Revised Edition). (RefWorld) [Accessed 3 Nov. 2010)
Canada. 7 March 2010. Public Safety Canada. "The Government of Canada Lists Al Shabaab as a Terrorist Organization." [Accessed 9 Nov. 2010]
Denmark. 2000. Danish Immigration Service. Report on Minority Groups in Somalia: Joint British, Danish and Dutch Fact-finding Mission to Nairobi, Kenya, 17-24 September 2000. (Somali Minority Rights and Aid Forum, SOMRAF) [Accessed 3 Nov. 2010]
Independent scholar. United Kingdom. 30 October 2010. Correspondence.
_____. 26 October 2010. Telephone interview.
_____. 23 October 2010. Correspondence.
Additional Sources Consulted
Oral sources: Researchers from Columbia University, Indiana University, the University of London, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of South Africa and an expert from the Brookings Institute were unable to provide information within the time contraints of this Response.
Publications: Africa Research Bulletin, Africa Security Review, Current History, Ethnopolitics, Forced Migration Online, Human Rights Quarterly, Journal of Eastern African Studies, Journal of Peace Research, The Muslim World, Refugee Survey Quarterly.
I
Subgroups of Ashraf
The Ashraf are generally classified into various subgroups through Fatima's two sons (Denmark 2000, 41) as follows:
Hussein:
- Reer sharif Magbul (or Reesharif Magbull [Denmark 2000, 41])
- Sharif Ahmed
- Sharif Balaaw (or Sharif Baalawi [Denmark 2000, 41])
- Mohamed Sharif (or Mohammed Sharif [Denmark 2000, 41])
- Sharif Ali
- Sharif Ahmed
- Ashraf Sarman (Abbink 2009, 37; Denmark 2000, 41)
Location of subgroups in Somalia
The Independent Scholar provided further information as follows:
According to my Ashraf informants, the Hussein branch of the Ashraf of Somalia live in the coastal towns such as Mogadishu and are part of the 'Benadiri' minority population. A few have moved to other places in order to trade or because they have bought land. …
The Ashraf Maqbull are said to originate in Luuq and near the Ethiopian border, but they also live in Mogadishu, and a few of them in Kismayo and perhaps in other places.
The Ashraf of the Hassan branch live mainly in the interior of the country (some of them of course may have gone to live in Mogadishu), and mostly are not Benadiri. However, the Ashraf al-Ahdali in Marka, who are Benadiri, are said to be Hassan.
One of the best known Somali Hassan groups is the Ashraf Sarman; they originate in an area called Sarman or Saraman, near Huddur in Bakool region .… There they are associated with the Leysan, who are part of the Rahanweyn. Their native dialect is therefore the 'May-May' dialect of the Rahanweyn. Today they are also found in Baydhaba and the Bay region, in Mogadishu, Kismayo, Luuq, Jalalaqsi and Bardhere and in Afgooye.
In Mogadishu they have been acknowledged and to some extent absorbed by the Benadiri Ashraf there. (23 Oct. 2010)
The Independent Scholar explained that the Benadiri are not so much a clan as "an alliance of separate descent groups based on living in the same cities" (30 Oct. 2010). The Benadiri have also been described as a group outside the traditional Somali clans (Abbink 2009, 36) that is made up of people "who share an urban culture and who are of mixed origin (Persian/Portuguese/Arabian/Swahili/Somali)" (Denmark 2000, 38).
Affiliated clans and risks from other tribes
The Independent Scholar said that tribal alliances, affiliated clans or risks from other clans are all specific to the particular subgroup of Ashraf and the location of the subgroup in the country (26 Oct. 2010). She clarified that the Ashraf tend to form alliances with whichever clan they are living among (26 Oct. 2010). This information is corroborated by a report produced by the Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD) with the Austrian Red Cross (Dec. 2009, 20). The ACCORD-Austrian Red Cross report states that Ashraf live integrated with the various Somali groups or clans with whom they have settled (Dec. 2009, 20). A Northern Arizona University associate professor of history whose research focus is Islamic Africa stated, in a telephone interview with the Research Directorate, that alliances between clans and tribal groups in Somalia are fluid and contextual, and added his opinion that available knowledge of clan alliances is not comprehensive (Associate Professor 27 Oct. 2010).
According to the ACCORD-Austrian Red Cross report, the Ashraf's religious status means that they are "usually protected" by those among whom they live (Dec. 2009, 20). The Associate Professor similarly stated that, when doing fieldwork in Somalia in the 1990s, he found the Ashraf to be "quite respected, at least in principle" (27 Oct. 2010). He added that, although people in urban centres might privately complain about an individual Ashraf, from a religious point of view, the Ashraf were considered to be morally superior by virtue of their descent (27 Oct. 2010). The Independent Scholar also said that the Ashraf who live with the Benadiri are "traditionally respected for religious reasons by their fellow citizens" (23 Oct. 2010).
However, the ACCORD-Austrian Red Cross report indicates that the Ashraf may be subject to the "same problems as their 'host clans'" (Dec. 2009, 20). In particular, the report states that the Ashraf who live with the Benadiri may have been "targeted" along with the Benadiri people in the early days of the civil war (ACCORD-Austrian Red Cross Dec. 2009, 20). According to the Independent Scholar, the Ashraf living with the Benadiri have, like the Benadiri, "been subject to brutality and persecution by the militias since the breakdown of government" (23 Oct. 2010). The Independent Scholar further clarified that, while the "situation of the Benadiri is certainly not as bad as it was, relative to the rest of the population … they are still especially vulnerable" (26 Oct. 2010).
The ACCORD-Austrian Red Cross report maintains that the Ashraf are "not targeted as a minority as such" (Dec. 2009, 20). The Associate Professor stated that, in the early 2000s, the Ashraf were not specifically "targeted" as a group (Associate Professor 27 Oct. 2010). However, he added that the conflict in Somalia has since evolved with the emergence of various Islamic groups, such as Al Shabaab (ibid.). Al Shabaab has been listed as a "terrorist" group by the government of Canada (Canada 7 Mar. 2010).
The Associate Professor stated that Al Shabaab "targets" the Ashraf for ideological reasons (27 Oct. 2010). In particular, he stated that Al Shabaab denies any kind of moral hierarchy based on descent (Associate Professor 27 Oct. 2010). He indicated that Al Shabaab considers the Ashraf to be bid'ah or an "unlawful innovation" with respect to Islam. The Associate Professor stated that the Ashraf are at risk of being killed or "persecuted" by Al Shabaab (ibid.).
Similarly, the ACCORD-Austrian Red Cross report states that the Ashraf who live among the Digil-Mirifle "may be targeted" by Al Shabaab (Dec. 2009). The report states that this is partly because Al Shabaab denies the religious status of the Ashraf and partly because Al Shabaab is politically opposed to Shariff Hassan (ACCORD-Austrian Red Cross Dec. 2009, 20). Shariff Hassan is a high-ranking political figure who is an Ashraf and who played a role in the 2008 Djibouti peace agreement between the Transitional Federal Government and the opposition group Alliance for Re-liberation of Somalia (ACCORD-Austrian Red Cross Dec. 2009, 6 and 20).
The Digil-Mirifle are a mainly "agro-pastoralist people living in the area between the Juba and Shabelle rivers in Southern Somalia" (ACCORD-Austrian Red Cross Dec. 2009, 11).
Further or corroborating information regarding Al Shabaab's treatment of the Ashraf could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response.
Sharif
On the subject of the name Sharif, the Independent Scholar states:
Sharif (the word of which Ashraf is the superlative) is a title, rather like 'Father' addressed to a priest. It is an Arabic word meaning 'noble' or 'respected'. It can be attached to one of a person's names or to more than one, and an individual may use it at one time but not at another. It can be used by all Ashraf, but is not necessarily and many nowadays prefer to omit it. It is not generally a personal name, and hence will not necessarily appear on documents such as identity card or passport. (It is sometimes used as a personal name, not only among the Ashraf.) (23 Oct. 2010)
This Response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the Research Directorate within time constraints. This Response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Please find below the list of sources consulted in researching this Information Request.
References
Abbink, J. 2009. The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Editon). Working Paper 84/2009. Leiden, The Netherlands: African Studies Centre (ASC). [Accessed 3 Nov. 2010]
Associate Professor of History, Northern Arizona University. 27 October 2010. Telephone interview.
Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD) and the Austrian Red Cross. December 2009. Clans in Somalia: Report on a Lecture by Joakim Gundel, COI Workshop Vienna, 15 May 2009 (Revised Edition). (RefWorld) [Accessed 3 Nov. 2010)
Canada. 7 March 2010. Public Safety Canada. "The Government of Canada Lists Al Shabaab as a Terrorist Organization." [Accessed 9 Nov. 2010]
Denmark. 2000. Danish Immigration Service. Report on Minority Groups in Somalia: Joint British, Danish and Dutch Fact-finding Mission to Nairobi, Kenya, 17-24 September 2000. (Somali Minority Rights and Aid Forum, SOMRAF) [Accessed 3 Nov. 2010]
Independent scholar. United Kingdom. 30 October 2010. Correspondence.
_____. 26 October 2010. Telephone interview.
_____. 23 October 2010. Correspondence.
Additional Sources Consulted
Oral sources: Researchers from Columbia University, Indiana University, the University of London, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of South Africa and an expert from the Brookings Institute were unable to provide information within the time contraints of this Response.
Publications: Africa Research Bulletin, Africa Security Review, Current History, Ethnopolitics, Forced Migration Online, Human Rights Quarterly, Journal of Eastern African Studies, Journal of Peace Research, The Muslim World, Refugee Survey Quarterly.
I
Liiska Odayaasha dhaqanka ee soo xulaya Xildhibaanada Soomaaliya 2016-Beesha Dir, Darood, Raxanweyn iyo Hawiye
Madaxda Soomaalida ee ku shiray magaalada Baydhabo, ayaa maanta soo saaray Liiska Odayaasha dhaqanka ee soo xulaya Xildhibaanada Soomaaliya, kaasi oo qayb ka ahaa heshiiska ay gaareen.
Liiska ayaa Madaxdu ay saxiixeen, waxaana Odayaasha ku jira Liiska ay noqonayaan kuwo soo xulaya Xildhibaanada Soomaaliya ee sanadka 2016-ka.
Halkan Hoose Ka Akhriso Liiska Odayaasha;-
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