SNM and SSNM of Somalia

Somali National Movement (SNM) The Isaaq ( Dir) based movement that let the opposition to Siad Barre in the late 1980s. The SNM was formed in 1981 and was supported by Ethiopia during much of the 1980s. In 1988, the SNM occupied much of northern Somalia and suffered brutal attacks from Siad Barre. The SNM won control over the north (former British Somaliland) in 1991 and declared the territory the independent (but as yet unrecognized) Republic of Somaliland. Somali Democratic Alliance (SDA) A Gadabursi (Dir clan) organization from the northern Somaliland region around Boroma. Originally formed in 1989, it opposed the SNM's policy of independence and participated in the Addis Ababa talks.

Allied with SSA. SSNM ( Southren Dir) Led by the Suure, Biyamal,Gadsan, Mandaluug or Qubeys families. The faction covers the vast terrritories from mudug to Kismayo.(SSNM/BIRAM/SRRC) Mudane: Ambas.Cabdullaahi Sheekh Ismaaciil iyo (SSNM/SNA/SRRC) Mudane: DR. Cabdulcasiis Sheekh Yuusuf Southern SSNM was led by the above Bimaal and Suure Dir clan elders