Dawladnimada Reer Somaliland sheegtaan Dhab Mise Dhalanteed

Daarookdu waa laba Wajiilayaa marna Dirka markey Kala Qeybinayaan Isaaq Waa Carab ayay Dhahaan oo Dirnimeey U diidaan Markii ay Rabaaan Somaliland in Ay Rabsheeyaaana Isaaq Wuxuu yahay ayay ku Sheegaan Waa Dir bal Akhri. Qoraagan Harti wuxuu soo faagay Gabayadii hore ee Isaaq Dirnimadiisa Dibada Soo Dhigi jiray

Dawladnimada Reer Somaliland sheegtaan Dhab Mise Dhalanteed

Waxaad ku arkaysaa war baahin kasta oo ay wax ku qoraan maamulka Somaliland ama maqal iyo muuqaal ahaanba usoo daayaan in Somaliland ahaan jirtay Dawlad, dawladaas oo ay wada lahaayeen Qabiilooyinka kala ah Isaaq Gudabiirsay Ciise iyo Harti magaceeduna yahay ama ahaan jiray Somaliland.



Markay arintaas hadal haynteedu badatay ayaan waxaan isku dayey inaan raad raac ku sameeyo in dawlad nimadaasi tahay dhab mise dhalanteed. Si arintaas gunta looga gaaro waxaa marka ugu horaysa mudan, meesha warku ka aminayo in ay tahay wargal oo wararka meeshaas ka imanayaa yihiin warar laqaadan karo oo xaqiiq ah ama xaqiiqda udhow iyo inay tahay meel aan warkeeda la qaadan Karin oo xaqiiqda ka fog, in baaritaan lagu sameeyo. Waxaa marka is waydiin mudan in lays waydiiyo warkaan dowladnimada ku salaysan xaggee ka imanayaa oo inta badan inaga soo gaarayaa? Jawaabtu waxay tahay warkaani wuxuu ka imanayaa oo inaga soo gaarayaa beelaha Isaaq. Mar haddii warku ka imanayo beelaha Isaaq waxaa mudan in wararka beeshaas in lagu kalsoonaan karo iyo inkale in miisaan la saaro.





Adduunka markaad eegto, wuxuu leeyahay qaarado biyo kala qaybshaan iyo qaarado isir raac kala qaybiyo, sida qaaradda Asiya oo aan biyo kala qaybin ee Isir raac kala qaybshay oo ukala qaybsan Yurub iyo Asiya waxaa kaloo jira jasiirado qaaradaha kala raacsan oo ku kala raacay isir ahaan ama qoomiyad ahaan sida jasiiradaha Britishka iyo Ayrashka(Ireland) oo Yurub ku raacsan isir ahaan ee aan qaarad ahaan ku raacsanayn waxaa taas kuu cadayn kara arinta Turkiga oo in mudda ah doonaysay inay ku biirto Yurub walise aanay saldhigan arintaasi. Waxaad kaloo eegtaa Maraykanka oo qaarad ahaan ka tirsan Amerika qadiyad ahaanse raacsan Yurub oo isir ahaan ugu raacsan. Waxaa iyana fiirin mudan ururada ka jira aduunka oo isir ahaan isu raacsan sida Ururka Jaamacadda Carabta oo qaarad ahaan ukala qaybsan Afrika iyo Asiya. Waxaa kalood eegtaa dagaalkii dhex maray Jabaan iyo Shiinaha inuu salka ku hayey in la helo Dawlad wada midaysa indhoyar oo dhan oo Jabaanku watay fikirkaa, haddana ay dad siyaayiin ahi ku hawlan yihiin sidii loo heli lahaa qadiyad ka dhaxaysa dhammaan dadka indhaha yar oo u dhiganta midda Yurub aragtidooduna ku salaysan tahay isir raac.

Sidaas ay qaaraduhu isir ahaan ugu kala qaybsamaan ayaa Dawlad kastaa u leedahay shicib shicibkaas oo ukala qaybsan Qabiilo, qabiiladaas oo isir ahaan isu raaca iyagoo ay macquul tahay in ay degaan ahaan kukala durugsan yihiin ama ay garabka isku hayaan qabiilooyinka isirka isku raacsan. Qabiil kastaana wuxuu leeyahay ama isugu yimaada Magac. Magacaas oo ah Odayga ay ka soo farcameen, waddamada aan haysan Diinta Islamka intooda badan Magacaasi waxay ugu yeeraan magaca qoyska (Family Name) oo aan ka harin qofka fac ka fac wiilka iyo aabihiisna iyo awoowgiisba wada wadaagaan tusaale ahaan haddii wiilka la yiraahdo John aabahana Bush awoowgana Robert Magaca qoyskuna yahay Smith waxay wada noqonayaan John Smith, Bush Smith and Robert Smith. Waxaa laga yaabaa in magacaas Smith yahay awoowgii ay kasoo farcameen Qoyskaasi ama yimiba waddankaa ay ku noolyihiin, waxaa kaloo dhacda in Qoysaska qaarkood bedelaan magacaas oo ay qaataan magac kale taasoo laga yaabo dhib soo kala dhex martay qoysaska inay sabab u tahay amase islawayne iyo kibir.

Waxaa arintaas iyagu ka duwan bulshooyinka Islaamka ah oo iyagu leh isir raac ku salaysan Abtirsi oo qofka iyo dhashiisu magacyadoodu yihiin taxane oo ah wiil, aabihiis, awoowgiis, awoowgiisa kale… ilaa inta laga gaarayo markii ay muslin nimada qaateen amase Nabi Aadam oo ah faraca ugu danbeeya bini aadamka oo dhan.

Somaliduna waxay ka mid tahay Waddamada Islamka ah, waxaana waddanka Somaliya ku nool qabaail badan oo qabiil kastaa leeyahay isir raac ku salaysan Odayga ay ka soo farcameen oo u ah saldhig muujinaya jinsayadooda iyo ehelnimada ay la wadaagaan qabaailka kale ama isku degaan ha ahaadeen ama haku kala durugsanaadeen degaanka. Qabiilada ugu waa wayn Somaliya, waxaa lagu tiriyaa inay yihiin saddex qabiil iyo qabiilo laysku raaciyo tiro buuxsi markii wax qaybsi yimaado, Qabiilooyinkaas oo kala ah Daarood, Hawiye, Dir iyo Digil Mirifle.

Waxaan isku dayayaa inaan laba qabiil oo hadda muran badan dhex taagan yahay aan yara eego Isir raacooda labadaas qabiil oo kala ah Harti iyo Isaaq.

Daarood…

Axmed(Sade), Maxammad(Kablalax), Xuseen(Awrtable), Yuusuf(Tanade) iyo Eissa

Maxammad… Axmed (Koonbe) iyo Maxamuud(Kumade)

Axmed… Geri iyo Hantiile

Hantiile… Harti, Xarle iyo Cabdi

Harti… Maxamed, Maxamuud, Axmed, Siciid, Cabdiraxman, Liban, Guule iyo Guuleed

Dir…

Maahe, Madaluug,Madoobe, Madaxweyn iyo Galdho

Maahe… Xiniftire iyo Surre

Xiniftire… Habare

Habare… Isaaq, Biyamaal, Gadsan, Dabruube, Barsuug, Bajimaal, Magaadle, iyo Madiigan

Isaaq… Habar Magaadley iyo Habar Xabuushaad



Somalidu inta badan waxaa u ahaa isgaarsiin suugaanta khaas ahaan gabayada oo markii nin gabay tiriyo gabagaasi wada gaari jiray Somalida oo dhan. Waxayna u isticmaali jireen baraarujinta markii dhiilo colaadeed timaado, dacaayad markii ay is xifaalay nayaan ama isu faanayaan ama is amaanayaan iwm… Waxaad mararka qaarkood Gabayadaas Somalida ka milicsan kartaa qabiilka ninka gabyey isir raaciisa oo aan ninkaas gabayga tiriyey ka been abuuran jirin cidduu isir ahaan ka soo jeedo, maadaama gabaygaasi gaarayo qabiilada Somaliyeed oo dhan haddii uu been isir ahaaneed sheegana ka baqayey in Gabyaaga qabiilada kale ku lafa jabiyaan oo halkaas guuldarro ka raacdo iyo ceeb. Anigoo eegaya qiimahaas bulshada Somaliyeed Gabaygu kulahaa ayaan waxaan usoo qaadanayaa tix raac ku salaysan arimahaan isir raaca ah, dhowr Abwaan oo ka soo kala jeeday Qabiilada Daaroodka iyo Isaaq…

Xaaji Cali Cabdiraxmaan (Majeerteen)

Baha baha hadday noqoto bahda Haajiraan ahay

Binu Cuqayl biyaha Jeberti nin ka beermay baan ahay

Daarood bartiis iyo beerkiyo laftaan ahay

Dadku baari kala roone baafane Hartaan ahay

Majeerteenka sida buurta u ballaartay baan ahay

Boqorku waa Jibraahiile anna baashigaan ahay.

Cumarkaa burhaantiis bogga loo geshaan ahay



Maxammad Cabdulle Xasan(Ogaadeen)

Ogaadeen haddaan ahay dad wow amar sareeyaaye

Abtirsiinyaday waxay gashaa odeyo waaweyne

Halkaan uga arooraana waa ubixi Daaroode

Udgoonow Rasuulkiina waa ina adeerkeeye

Asaxaabihii dhamaan ayaan ehel wadaagnaaye

Cali Dhuux Aadan (Dhulbahante)

Haawayda waxaan Geelayaga hawdka ula daajay.

Hartaan ahay halyaygii Calina waan isku hubaaye.

Isagaa hubkii noo hayiyo halowle maadhiine.



Maxamuud Guure(Absguul).

Cabdiyow carowdaye hadaad callaha dheer fuusho.

Caafimaad qab nabadeed haddaad Cali Suldaan gaarto.

Calaykuma salaan bay ku tiri culimadiinii dheh.

Dabadeedna caad baxoo u sheeg caawa saan nahaye.

Daaroodkii galbeed calow galyoo cadowgi loo heer dheh

Anna ciidan doonkiis rag iyo ceelalyaan ahay dheh.



Maxamed Cumar Dage, (Ogaden)

Majeerteenna dirirtii dhaweyd duni u siirree dheh
Daandaansigii reer Islaan nacab u daadduun dheh
Nin dakano ka haysooy arkaan shalay ma daayeen dheh
Daaroodka kale waa hayaa ficil dagaalkiise



Abwaanadaas ku gabyey gabayada kore dhammaan waxay cadeeyeen isir ahaan ciday yihiin oo ah Daarood…

Ismaaciil Cigaal Bulaale(isaaq)

Adaa Dir iyo Daarood dhex dhigay dab iyo baaruude

Dacar gelisey reerihii ahaa ul iyo diirkeede

Mugga haatan dirir uumiyuhu waa is dilayaaye

Maxamuud Dheeg (Isaaq)

Dir iyo Irir baanu nahay labada daamoode

Dabatada faraha dheer leh iyo Diini iyo Boontu

Meeshay kasoo dalabsadeen yeyga degi wayday.



Axmed Ismaaciil Diiriye (Isaaq)

Miisaannay Ciisow tixahaad madalka keenteene
Macaan baa Ilaahay ka dhigay Malabki Doocaane
Dhegtii maqashay oo idili way mahad naqaysaaye
Madmadoow ma gelin xaajadaa soo mudh-bixiseene
Mabsuud buu ka yahay reer Isaaq meelu joogaba'e
Waad mahadsantiin dhalashadaad muruq u yeesheene

Axmed Ismaaciil Diiriye (Isaaq)

Na soo gaadhe Ciisow tixahaad soo gudbinayseene
Geeraarradiinii hellnay iyo gabayadiinniiye
Una guuxnay hawraarta guud, hiilna loo garaye
Maansadu godkii ay lahayd maydun gees marinne
Alle waydin garansiiyey oo gob iyo caadkeede
Garna waad u leediin tolkiin inad gargaartaane
Gacmihii walaalaha ahaa waysku gunuddeene



Abwaanadaan iyaguna waxay cadday nayaan isir raac ciday yihiin oo ah Dir labada gabay ee Axmed Ismaaciil Diiriye gabaygiisa waxaad ka dhan dhansan kartaa ehelinimada ay isku reerka yihiin Ciise(Ciise oo qabiil Dir ah) oo uu marna walaal tinimo ku tilmaamay marna wada dhalasho oo Abwaanadu gabay ahaan inta badan u isticmaalaan wada dhalashada iyo walaaltinimada dhanka abtarsiinyaha…

Qamaan Bulxan (Ogaadeen)

Iidoor Dir weeyee hadduu duulan soo kiciyo
Dunji Habar Magaadluhu hadduu dabarka soo gooyo
Dunbuq iyo rasaastana hadduu debecsanuu siiyo

Gaygaan waxaa tiriyey Abwaan Daarood ah oo ku tilmaamaya Isaaq inay Dir yihiin mana dhicin gabyaa Isaaq ah oo beeniya gabaygaas Dir nimada ku tilmaamay waxaase dhacday in Gabyaa la Oran Jiray Yawle xaqiijiyey oo ku gabayey, gabay aanan helin hal sadar ka badan oo ahaa… Isaaq waa Dire e hadduu duulaan soo kiciyo…

Isku soo wada duuboo waxaad ka garan kartaa gabayadaas isir raaca ay kala ahaayeen Qabiilada (Harti, Ogaadeen, Abuskuul), iyo Isaaq oo kala ahaa Daarood iyo Dir… waxaa kaloo jirta in markii Somalidu shirar ama wax qaybsi isugu timaado in beesha Isaaq ku qayb qaadato qabiil ahaan qabiilka la yiraahdo Dir oo ah qabiilka Abwaanadii hore ku gabyeen in Isaaq yahay qabiilkaas. Wax garadka, Isimada Beelaha Somaliyeed oo aan ahayn Isaaq markaad waydiisid Qabiilka beesha Isaaq reerka ay isir raac galaan waxay kuu cadaynayaan in Isaaq isir ahaan yahay Dir. Haddii aad odayashaasha iyo wax garadka beesha Dir waydiiso cidda Isaaq isir ahaan galo waxay si toosa oo aan gabasho lahayn kuugu sheegayaan inuu galo Isaaq Habare Xiniftire Maahe Dir.

Aqoonta loo lahaa beelaha Isaaq isir raacoodu markuu ahaa Dir waxaa ayaamahaan danbe soo shaac baxday oo yar iyo wayn beesha qabiilka Isaaq shaaciyeen in ay yihiin Carab oo ka soo jeedaan Haashimiyiin arintaasi waxay keentay jaah wareer aan la garanayn cid la rumaysto Isaaqa hadda sheegaya inay yihiin Carab, ma odayadii hore ee Isaaq oo sheegayey inay yihiin Dir, ma wax garadka iyo Isimada beelaha kale ee sheegaya in Isaaq yahay Dir!!!.

Waxaad ka garan kartaa Dadka taariikhda wax ka qora oo aan ahayn Somalida inay jaah wareer ka qaadeen oo qoraaladooda laba bog oo ay isku mid kaga hadlayaan aadan ka helayn mararka qaar waxaad arkaysaa hal qaafiyad (baaragaraaf) oo iska hor imanaya oo marna leh Dir marna leh Carab, waxaadba ila eegtaan labadaan qoraa ee Biritishka u dhashay…

Richard Burton oo ka qoray Isaaq wuxuu buugisa taalaabooyinkii koowaad 1846 ku qoray….

In sheikh Isxaaq oo ka soo jeeda xatramuut kayimi dhulkiisii isagoo ay weheliyaan 44 shiikh magaalada la yiraahdo Met(Myadh) oo ah meesha uu hadda ku aasan yahay, wuxuu guursaday naag xor ahayd oo la oran jiray Magaden(Habar Magaado) waxayna u dhashay Garxajis Awal and Arab; waxaa kaloo wax udhashay islaan adoon ahayd waxayna u dhashay jeclo(Habar Jeclo sambur(sambuur) iyo Rambad. Kadib qabiilooyinka waa wayn ee habar garxijis iyo Awal ayaa waxay doorbideen magaca habar oo sheegaya ama tilmaamaya Hooyo mar haddii aan la garanayn aabahihii(waa siduu u qoray).

Waasida uu qoraalkiisa udhigay Richard Burton, isagoo sii wata qoraalkiisii wuxuu qoray…

Raad raaca abtirsiinyaha ilaa hadda Somalidu utaqaan waa Dirr(Dir), Aydur(?) Darud(Daarood) iyo Hawiye, markii loo eego qaybo magacyada qabiilada Dir iyo Aydur oo aan la hubin laakiin magacyadoodu waa Eese(Ciise), Gudabirsi, Ishak(Isaaq) iyo barsuuk…

Richard Burton or Richard Francis Burton (British consul, explorer and Orientalist, was born at Barham House, Hertfordshire, on the 19th of March 1821 Died 20-Oct-1890… Sexual orientation: Matter of Dispute) In his book, The first Foot Steps 1846 wrote …

Sherif Ishak bin Ahmed left his native country Hazramaut, and, with forty-four saints, before mentioned, landed on Makhar,—the windward coast extending from Karam Harbour to Cape Guardafui. At the town of Met, near Burnt Island, where his tomb still exists, he became the father of all the gentle blood and the only certain descent in the Somali country: by Magaden, a free woman, he had Gerhajis, Awal, and Arab; and by a slave or slaves, Jailah, Sambur, and Rambad. Hence the great clans, Habr Gerhajis and Awal, who prefer the matronymic— Habr signifying a mother,—since, according to their dictum, no man knows who may be his sire(sire = male parent, male ancestor).



The old and pagan genealogies still known to the Somal, are Dirr, Aydur, Darud, and Hawiyah, according to some Dirr and Aydur, of whom nothing is certainly known but the name, are the progenitors of the northern Somal, the Eesa, Gudabirsi, Ishak, and Bursuk tribes.

Waxaad halkaas ka garanaysaa in ninkaa qoraaga ahi ku jaaah wareeray oo marna leeyahay waa Xatramuuti oo la yiraahdo Sharif Ishak bin Ahmed marna waxuu qoray wuxuu ku tilmaamayaa inay ka soo jeedaan qabiilka Dir…

Waxaa kaloo jira nin kale oo isku dayey inuu wax ka qoro qabiilada Somalida ninkaas oo la yiraahdo I M Lewis isagoo ku jaah wareersan wuxuu ku qoray buuggiisa blood and bone….

Markii loo eego Qabiilka Isaaqu waxay sheegtaan inay ka baxsan yihiin oo ay isir raac toosa ay yihiin Carab, kaliya ay kula xiriiraan qabiilka Dir la yiraahdo guur Aabahood ka guursaday. Somalida kalase waxay u tixgaliyaan ama u arkaan inay si buuxda u yihiin Dir. Marka waxay u muuqaataa in Isaaq Carab ka dhigeen Isir raacooda si u helaan ixtiraam una ilaashadaan kobcinta awoodooda iyo isku filaanshahooda iyagoo 400, 000 qof 1958 kii ahaa.

Isla qoraagaasi wuxuu buuggiisa kale ee fahanka bulshada Somali iyo Somaliland( Culture History and Society-Ioan M Lewis P- 4) wuxuu ku qoray…

Dhab ahaan markaan u hadalno Isaaq waxay ka soo jeedaan Dir kuwaaso iyaga iyo Hawiye laysla xiriiriyo oo laysku yiraahdo Irir.


Ioan M. Lewis in his book blood and bone p104 wrote:




Thus while the Isaaq regard themselves as a separate clan-family tracing their agnatic origins directly to Arabia and only acknowledge a connexion by marriage with the Dir, other Somali regard them as of full Dir affiliation. It would appear that Isaaq have Arabicized their genealogy as a means of acquiring prestige and in keeping with their growing strength and their separate identity as an independent group numbering some 400,000 souls (in 1958)



I.M Lewis states, ” strictly speaking the Isaaq are derived from the Dir, who together with the Hawiye are linked as “Irir” at a higher level of genelogical grouping.” In his book, Understanding Somali and Somaliland Society : Culture History and Society-Ioan M Lewis P- 4

Buugiisa kale ee la Yiraahdo Nomadic Democracy wuxuu ku qoray in Somalida oo dhammi Isaaq u tixgaliyaan isir raac ahaan Dir waxuu kaloo ku caddeyey in waayadaan danbe soo baxayso inay gooni ka yihiin oo ay isir raac ahaan ka soo jeedaan Carab

I M Lewis states, “all Somalis regard the Isaaq as lineal descendents of Dir” and he notes their recent development of ,”independent agnatic descent from Arabia. (P-142, Nomadic Democracy)



Jaah wareerkaasi maaha mid ku kooban dadka aan u dhalan Somalida oo kaliya ee waxaa iyana ku jaah wareeray oo ay dhinacay u qaadaan garan waayey Somalida Abwaano ka mid ah. Taasna waxaad ka garan kartaa Abwaano Somali ahi oo aan ahayn Isaaq gabayo ay tiriyeen iyagoo mid ay u raacaan garan waayey Dir iyo Carab waxaana ka mid ah Gabayadaas…

Gabaygaan oo aanan garanayn Magaca Ninka tiriyey Qabiilkiisu se waa Daarood

Taariikhda duuga ah markaan, dib uga faaloono
Diiwaanka waxa kuugu yaal waa, Dir baa nahaye
Maantana Durriyad baan nahay, baad nagula doodeene
Hadba inaad dad noo sheegataan, waa dayuusnimo e

Gabaygaan oo uu tiriyey Abwaan la Yiraahdo Fakad(Daarood)



War Dir haddii aad tihiin amase Irir, ma aanan diideene

Dab qaraabo idinkoon ahayn, haysku soo darine

Anigaaba kaa diir xigoon, duray wadaagnaaye

Doonbiro dirkii ay dhashayoo, duuban baa nahaye

Dad is raba inaad kala dishaan, waa habeen dumaye

Adunbaase dorraad nagu lahaa, duul kalaan ahaye

Durriyadaydun noo sheegateen, diide maanatana e



Waxaad ka garan kartaa gabayadaas, in jaah wareer ka jiro isir raaca maadaama ay marba meel sheeganayaan Beesha Isaaq oo aanay fadhiyin waayadaan danbe isir raac meel loo qaado waxna iska bedeleen sidii waayadii hore lagu ogaa ee ahayd Dir inay yihiin.

Haddaba markaad eegto intaas arimood oo kala bedelan, Odoyaashii hore ee beesha Isaaq oo sheeganaya inay Yihiin Dir Odoyaashii qabiilada kale oo uga markhaanti ka caya inay ahaayeen Dir iyo wararkaan danbe ee baahday oo ay beesha Isaaq ku sheeganayaan inay isir ahaan yihiin Carab. Qoraayaashii ajnabiga ahaa oo ku jaahwareeray ciday ku sheegaan iyo Abwaanadii danbe oo iyana jaah wareer ka qaaday… Waxaa haddaba is waydiin mudan qof hadduu hadba reer kuu sheegto qofkaas hadalkiisu mala rumaysan karaa oo arin Dhab ah maloo qaadan karaa?!!!... hadday jawaabtaadu maya noqoto maxay noqonaysaa beel dhan oo hadba reer sheeganaysa hadalkoodu soo waxaan dhab ahayn oo dhalanteed ah maaha?!!!!..

Waxaan intaas oo dhan usoo maray inaan meesha ka caddeeyo inay adagtahay sidii lagu rumaysan lahaa waayadaan danbe waxii ka soo baxa bulshada Isaaq oo yar iyo waynba isku raaceen wixii horay loogu yaqaanay wax ka bedelan… Mar haddii reer ahaan ciddii lagu yaqaanay ee ahayd Dir ay yiraahdeen waligayo maanu noqon oo ma nihin maxaay qiimo ku fadhidaa inay yiraahdaan Somaliland baa nala dhahaa oo waligayo nala oran jiray Somaliya 1960gii ka horoow isku dawlad maanan ahayn!!!... Haddaba yaa xaqiiqda u dhow ma qabiilada Harti, Ciise, iyo Gudabiirsay oo leh Somaliya ayaanu nahay Mise Isaaq oo leh Somaliland baanu wada nahay waana qaran waligiis jiray?

Waxaa moodaa inay fiiro u baahan tahay Somaliland nimada inay jirtay iyo inkale mar haddii beesha qabiilka Isaaq yiraahdeen waxay ahayd Qaran marin habaabay oo Qaran kale lagu daray oo ay qabiilada kala ah Harti Gudabirsay Ciise iyo Isaaq wada lahaan jireen…

Fiirada ugu horaysaa waxay ku dhacaysaa Magaca Somaliland muxuu yahay… Magaca Somaliland waa kalmad English ah oo macnaheedu yahay Dhulkii Somaliya, hadday sidaas tahay toloow gogoblkee baan ahayn Dhulkii Somaliya… dhanka kale markaan ka eegno ee loo leexin karo waa dhankii gumystaha magac bixintuye, waxaa lakala oran jiray British Somaliland ( Waqooyi Galbeed) iyo Italiyan Somaliland (Waqooyi Bari iyo Koonfur) oo macnaheedu noqonayo Dhulkii Somaliya ee Britishku haystay iyo Dhulkii Somaliya ee Talyaanigu haystay… Dhankaad rabtidba ka dhigoo magacu wuxuu isugu soo aruurayaa Dhulkii Somaliya waxaadna ka dhan dhansanaysaa inuu waddan qura ahaa gumaystihii ka hor. Bal aan eegno haddaba gumaysitihii iyo ka horba sida habkay Somalidu isugu xirnayd… waxaan tuusale ahaan soo qaadanayaa Abwaano tixo ka tirshay isku xiraan shihii Somalida iyo habkay isugu xirnaayen dhul iyo ehel ahaan labadaba…





Xaaji Khaliif Aw-Axmed (Dhulbahante)

Suldaan duub leh daaraha khatiman, badaha duunkooda
Hawiyaha dabkiisii sitee, dooni amarkiisa,
Bal dayaay dad buu ii xiga, waana darafteeye!
Mareexaan haddaan wiil u diro, laysu soo durugye
Ogaadeen dal dheer iyo wuxuu, webiga daanshoodo
Hadduu dirir xigaalkii ogyahay, igama daaleene.
Damta iyo dinnaagada horuu, kaa dul dhacayaaye
Allaylehe inaan deynahayn, duunka kaa haraye,
Haddii dalandal kaa fiigo waa, dooxanahayaaye.
Intaasoo isku dawladi anooy, dunida ii joogto
Markaan Dabacayuunow arlada, nabad ku daaqsiiyay,
Allaylehe inuu daawo furo, waa gun dalabkeede!



Cilmi Carab Cabdi (Dhulbahante)

Laacii kabaxa meel fog waa lagu hayaamaaye.

Haddaan anigu aan liito oon yaraha laalaado.

Meeshan iyo luuq baa tolkay ladani yaalaaye.

Liishaanka kaa yimid hadday laydhu kor u qaado.

Ay laliso wuxuu gaarayaa qoon libaaxyo ahe.

Mar haddii Suldaankii labaa soo lalabo weerar.

Sidii laxan baruuriyo hilbaha loo karshaad noqone.

Adaan lumin mar keliya yaan sidii aarka kuu liqine.





Jaamac Axmed Jaamac Gacmadheere(Isaaq)

Abtirsiinyo guudnimo haddii, la isu geed xaadhto
Gobta Reer Isaaq baan ahay, iyo gaanka xoogga lehe
Hadday qoloba gooni u baxdoon, gaar u kala qaado
Muusaha garkaa bari degee, guro fog baan sheegtay
Reer Maxamedkaa Geela leh, ee gudub degaan sheegtay
Samanaha xarrago gaanbiyee, lagu gartaan sheegtay
Guurtida Sanbuur iyo Cimraan, lagu go'aan sheegtay
Toljeclaha galbeed naga xigee, gobolkayaan sheegtay
Cumarkaa gardaafo iyo maag, wax u galaan sheegtay.
Geyigaa la kala leeyahee, guri san baan sheegtay



Abwaanadaasi waxay muujinayeen ciday yihiin iyo in dhulkun degaano lakala leeyahay ahaa(Geyigaa la kala leeyahee, guri san baan sheegtay) iyo hayb ahaan laysugu ciidmi jiray wax wada qabsi ahaana colaad iyo waxtarba beelba beesha ay isir ku raacdo lalahayd, Abwaanadaas mid kamid ah oo Dhulbahante ahaa waxuu afka ku dhuftay in Majeerteen, Mareexaan iyo Ogaadeen ay isku Dawlad ahaayeen (Intaasoo isku dawladi anooy, dunida ii joogto )…

Halkaasna waxaad ka dhan dhansan kartaa in Qabiilada Somaliyeed isir raac ahaan isugu xirnaayeen meesha ay degaana haddii is xumaansi dhaco oo dhex maro laba beelood oo daris ah ay beelkastaa beesha ehelka yihiin isir ahaan isugu ciidmi jireen… waxaana kaaga muuqanaysa in laba beelood oo aan isir raac wadaagin aysan lahayn dhul ugaara labadaas beelood oo ay kaga go’an yihiin beelihii kale oo ay isirka la wadaageen…. tusaale ahaan Habar jeclo lama lahayn dhul ugaara Dhulbahante ama Warsangeli oo aan Isaaqa kale iman Karin, dhulkaasna Isaaqa dega Wajaale kama ka xigin Hartiga dega Qandala amase Daaroodka dega Jubooyinka.

Markii Britishku qabsaday Waqooyiga Somaliya wuxuu go’aamo iyo ballan qaadyo la saxiiday lix qabiil, wuxuuna ula saxiixday qabiil kasta goonidiisa isagoon qabiilna degaan ugu darin qabiilka kale, oo uu qabiilkasta degaankiisa isagu u xilsaarnaa oo lagu xaq dhowrayey… Go’aamadaasina waxay u qornaayeen sida tan…

Waxaan isku raacnay oo go’aan ku qaadanay iyadoo ay markhaanti ka yihiin dadka ku saxiixan in aan gaarsiino degaanada ay kala degaan qabiilooyinka kala ah Gudabiisray, Ciise, Habar Awal, Garaxajis iyo Warsangeli in qabiil kastaa maamulidda degaankiisa leeyahay Boqoraduna korka ka ilaalinayso.

“in compliance with the wish of the undersigned Gadabursi Tribe, Eesa Tribe, abr Gerhajis Tribe, HabrAwal Tribe, Warsangalis Tribe undertakes to extend to them and to the territories under their authority and jurisdiction the gracious favor and protection of Her Majesty the Queen-Empress”



Qodobadii lakala saxiidayna waa kuwaan hoos ku qoran….

ART. I. The Gababursi tribe do hereby declare that
they are pledged and bound never to cede, sell,
mortgage, or otherwise give for occupation, save to
the British Government, any portion of the territory
presently inhabited by them, or being under their
control.

ART. II. All vessels under the British flag shall have
free permission to trade at all ports and places
within the territories of the Gadabursi tribe

ART. III. All British subjects residing in or visiting
the territories of the Gadabursi tribe shall enjoy
perfect safety and protection, and shall be entitled
to travel all over the said limits under the
safe-conduct of the Elders of the tribe
………… .

In token of the conclusion of this lawful and
honourable bond, Jama Roblay, ……..and Major Frederick Mercer Hunter,
Assistant Political Resident at Aden, the former for
themselves, their heirs and successors, and the latter
on behalf of the British Government, do each and all,
in the presence of witnesses, affix their signatures,
marks, and seals, at Zaila, on the 11th day of
December, 1884, corresponding with the 25th Safar.
F. M. Hunter
(the marks of Elders named.)

Agreement with the Gadabursi, ZAILA, Dec. 11, 1884 -

____________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
We, the undersigned Elders of the Eesa tribe, are
desirous of entering into an Agreement with the
British Government for the maintenance of our
independence, the preservation of order, and other
good and sufficient reasons.

Now it is hereby agreed and covenanted as follows:-

ART. I. The Eesa tribe do hereby declare that they are
pledged and bound never to cede, sell, mortgage, or
otherwise give for occupation, save to the British
Government, any portion of the territory presently
inhabited by them, or being under their control.

ART. II. All vessels under the British flag shall have
free permission to trade at all ports and places
within the territories of the Eesa tribe

ART. III. All British subjects residing in or visiting
the territories of the Eesa tribe shall enjoy perfect
safety and protection, and shall be entitled to travel
all over the said limits under the safe-conduct of the
Elders of the tribe
…….
In token of the conclusion of this lawful and
honourable bond, Ali Geridone, ………and Major Frederick Mercer
Hunter, Assistant Political Resident at Aden, the
former for themselves, their heirs and successors, and
the latter on behalf of the British Government, do
each and all, in the presence of witnesses, affix
their signatures, marks, and seals, at Zaila, on the
31st day of December, 1884, corresponding with the
13th Rabu-al-Awal, 1302
F. M. Hunter

Agreement with the Eesa Somal, ZAILA, Dec. 31, 1884 –
____________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
We, the undersigned Elders of the Habr Toljaala tribe,
are desirous of entering into an Agreement with the
British Government for the maintenance of our
independence, the preservation of order, and other
good and sufficient reasons.

Now it is hereby agreed and covenanted as follows:-

ART. I. The Habr Toljaala tribe declare that they are
pledged and bound never to cede, sell, mortgage, or
otherwise give for occupation, save to the British
Government, any portion of the territory presently
inhabited by them, or being under their control.


ART. II. All vessels under the British flag shall have
free permission to trade at all ports and places
within the territories of the Habr Toljaala, and the
tribe is bound to render assistance to any vessel,
whether British or belonging to any other nation, that
may be wrecked on the above-mentioned shores, and to
protect the crew, the passengers, and cargo of such
vessels, giving speedy intimation to the Resident at
Aden of the circumstances, for which act of friendship
and good-will a suitable reward will be given by the
British Government.

ART. III. All British subjects residing in or visiting
the territories of the Habr Toljaala shall enjoy
perfect safety and protection, and shall be entitled
to travel all over the said limits under the
safe-conduct of the Elders of the tribe
In token of the conclusion of this lawful and
honourable bond, Dirir Shaikh Don, ….[INSERT THE
NAMES OF THE ELDERS HERE]…..;and Major Frederick
Mercer Hunter, Assistant Political Resident, the
former for themselves, their heirs and successors, and
the latter on behalf of the British Government, do
each and all, in the presence of witnesses, affix
their signatures, marks, and seals, at Aden, on the
26th day of December, 1884, corresponding with the 9th
of Rabu-al-Awal, 1302

F. M. Hunter
(the marks of Elders named.)

Agreement with Habr Toljaala, Aden, December 26,1884

____________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
We, the undersigned Elders of the Habr Gerhajis tribe,
are desirous of entering into an Agreement with the
British Government for the maintenance of our
independence, the preservation of order, and other
good and sufficient reasons.

Now it is hereby agreed and covenanted as follows:-

ART. I. The Habr Gerhajis tribe do hereby declare that
they are pledged and bound never to cede, sell,
mortgage, or otherwise give for occupation, save to
the British Government, any portion of the territory
presently inhabited by them, or being under their
control.

ART. II. All vessels under the British flag shall have
free permission to trade at all ports and places
within the territories of the Habr Gerhajis, and the
tribe is bound to render assistance to any vessel,
whether British or belonging to any other nation, that
may be wrecked on the above-mentioned shores, and to
protect the crew, the passengers, and cargo of such
vessels, giving speedy intimation to the Resident at
Aden of the circumstances, for which act of friendship
and good-will a suitable reward will be given by the
British Government.

ART. III. All British subjects residing in or visiting
the territories of the Habra Gerhajis tribe shall
enjoy perfect safety and protection, and shall be
entitled to travel all over the said limits under the
safe-conduct of the Elders of the tribe

In token of the conclusion of this lawful and
honourable bond, Ahmed Ali, ……..and Major Frederick Mercer
Hunter, Assistant Political Resident at Aden, the
former for themselves, their heirs and successors, and
the latter on behalf of the British Government, do
each and all, in the presence of witnesses, affix
their signatures, marks, and seals, at Aden, on the
13th day of December, 1885, corresponding with the
28th of Rabi-al-Awal, 1302

F. M. Hunter
(Signatures of Elders)
Agreement with Habr Gerhajis, Aden, January 13,1885

____________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________

WHEREAS the garrisons of His Highness the Khedive are
about to be withdrawn from Berbera and Bulhar, and the
Somali Coast generally, we, the undersigned Elders of
the Habr-Awal tribe, are desirous of entering into an
Agreement with the British Government for the
maintenance of our independence, the preservation of
order, and other good and sufficient reasons.

Now it is hereby agreed and covenanted as follows:-

ART. I. The Habr-Awal tribe do hereby declare that
they are pledged and bound never to cede, sell,
mortgage, or otherwise give for occupation, save to
the British Government, any portion of the territory
presently inhabited by them, or being under their
control.

ART. II. All vessels under the British flag shall have
free permission to trade at the ports of Berbera,
Bulhar, and other places in the territories of the
Habr-Awal tribe

ART. III. All British subjects residing in or visiting
the territories of the Habr-Awal shall enjoy perfect
safety and protection, and shall be entitled to travel
all over the said limits under the safe-conduct of the
Elders of the tribe
……

In token of the conclusion of this lawful and
honourable bond, Abdellah Liban, ……..and Major Frederick Mercer
Hunter, the officiating Political Resident of Aden,
the former for themselves, their heirs and successors,
and the latter on behalf of the British Government, do
each and all, in the presence of witnesses, affix
their signatures, marks, and seals, at Berbera, on the
21st day Ramdhan, 1301, corresponding with the 14th
July, 1884

F. M. Hunter, Major,
Officiating Political Resident, Aden.
Agreement with Habr-Awal, Berbera, July 14, 1884
____________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
TREATIES, &c., between the Warsangalis (British
Protection; Slave Trade; Wrecks: &c.). – January 27,
1886

THE British Government and the Elders of the
Warsangali tribe who have signed this Agreement being
desirous of maintaining and strengthening the
relations of peace and friendship existing between
them;

The British Government have named and appointed
Major Frederick Mercer Hunter, C.S.I., Political Agent
and Consul for the Somali Coast, to conclude a Treaty
for this purpose.

The said Major F. M. Hunter, C.S.I., Political
Agent and Consul for the Somali Coast, and the said
Elders of the Warsangali, have agreed upon and
concluded the following articles:-

ART. I. The British government, in compliance with the
wish of the undersigned Elders of the Warsangali,
undertakes to extend to them and to the territories
under their authorities and jurisdiction the gracious
favour and protection of Her Majesty the
Queen-Empress.

II. The said Elders of the Warsangali agree and
promise to refrain from entering into any
correspondence, Agreement, or Treaty with any foreign
nation or Power, except with the knowledge and
sanction of Her Majesty’s Government.

III. The Warsnagali are bound to render assistance to
any vessel, whether British or belonging to any other
nation, that may be wrecked on the shores under their
jurisdiction and control , and to protect the crew,
passengers, and cargo of such vessels, giving speedy
intimation to the Resident at Aden of the
circumstances; for which act of friendship and
good-will a suitable reward will be given by the
British Government.

IV. The Traffic in slaves throughout the territories
of the Warsangali shall cease for ever, and the
Commander of any of Her Majesty’s vessels, or any
other British officer duly authorized, shall have the
power of requiring the surrender of any slave, and of

supporting the demand by force of arms by land and
sea.

V. The British Government shall have the power to
appoint an Agent or Agents to reside in the
territories of the Warsangali, and every such Agent
shall be treated with respect and consideration, and
be entitled to have for this protection such guard as
the British Government deem sufficient.

VI. The Warsangali hereby engage to assist all British
officers in the execution of such duties as may be
assigned to them, and further to act upon their advice
in matters relating to the administration of justice,
the development of the resources of the country, the
interests of commerce, or in any other matter in
relation to peace , order, and good government, and
the general progress of civilization.

VII. This Treaty to come into operation from the 27th
day of January, 1886, on which date it was signed at
Bunder Gori by the Undermentioned.

F. M. Hunter

Witness:
J. H. Raintier, Commander, R. N.
Muhammad Mahmud Ali, Gerad of all the Warsangali.
Jama Mahmud, Gerad
Muhammad Ibrahim, ditto.
Omar Ahmed, ditto.
Mahmud Abdullah, ditto.
Yussuf Mahmud, ditto.
Of the Ayal Fatih sub-tribe-
Nur Abdullah.
Isa Adan.
Muhammad Ali Shirwa.
Abdy Nur
Of the Ogais Lebay sub-tribe–
Muhammad Abdy Nalaya.
Mahmud Sagullay.
Abdullah Sagullay.
Muhammad Abdullah

M.H.Buraleh

Waxaa qodobadaas ka muuqaanaya ama ku cad oo aan muran marna geli Karin in qabiil kasta markii gumaystihii Britishku joogay iskiis u maamaulan jiray degaankiisa oo cid ama qabiil kale oo ay isku xirnaayeeen oo ay isku maamul wada ahaayeen aysan jirin maamul aan ka ahayn kii Britishka… Arinta qodobadaas ku qeexan oo ah degaanada lakala lahaa waxay taageertay gabayadii Abwaanada Somalida ku sheegeen in degaanada qabiiladu ay kala lahaayeen oo wax maamul ah oo ka wada dhaxeeyey uusan jirin…

Waxaa kaloo fiirin mudan dagaalkii dhex maray Itoobiya iyo Talyaaniga 1936 markii Itoobiya la jabiyey in Talyaanigu mideeyey Somalidii ku kala noolayd Galbeedka(Ogaden), Waqooyi Bari(Puntland), iyo Koonfur Bari, midna ay ahaayeen ilaa intii u dhaxaysay sanadihii 1936-1941. Waxaa kaloo jirtay in sanadkii 1940 dagaal dhex maray Talyaaniga iyo Britishka dagaal kaas oo lagu jabiyey Britishka ka bacdina ay Somalidii ku dhaqanayd Waqooyi Galbeed ay la midoowday Somalidii kale ee Talyaanigu markaa gacanta ku hayey, sikale haddii loo eego yacnii Somaliya oo dhan markii laga reebo Somalida ku noolayd Koonfur Galbeed(NFD) ay sanadkaas mid noqotay. Waxaa kaloo iyana dhacday dagaalkii Talyaniga iyo Britithka oo sanadkii 1941 markale dillaacay oo lagu jabiyey Talyaniga, isla sanadkaasna Britishku gacanta kuwada dhigay Somalida oo dhan midna ay ahaayeen sanadihii 1941 – 1948 Somalida oo dhami. Sanadkii 1948 waxaa Britishku ku wareejiyey dhulka loo yaqaan Ogaadeeniya gacanta Itoobiya, laba sano ka bacdi sanadkii 1950 waxaa Talyaanigu lagu wareejiyey dhulalka kala ah Waqooyi Bari iyo koonfur Bari. Waxaa iyana xusid mudan in Britishku sanadkii 1960 ka sharqamiyey in Somali wayn lawada mideeyo laakiinse nasiib xume hadalkaas waxuu noqday sidii Somalidu u arkaysay ee ahayd munaafaqadayn ka dib markuu ka reebay in 26 jun 1960 NFD inay xoriyadoodii dib u helaan, sanadkii 1963 giina uu Britishku gacanta u geliyey Kenya.

Waxaa kaloo xusid mudan iyo in layswadiiyaba markay Taariikhdu ahayd 26 jun 1960 ee uu Britishku ka baxay Waqooyi Galbeed Somaliya waxaa la dajiyey Calankii Britishka waxaana laga taagay Calan kale, Calakaas kale ee laga taagay keebuu ahaa? Ma Calanka hadda ay isticmaalaan Somaliland buu ahaa mise Calanka buluuga ah ee Somaliya, Calankaas oo nashqadiisa iska lahaa Maxamuud Cawaale Liibaan oo ka soo jeeday Waqooyi Bari(Puntland) Somaliya… Haddii Calankaasi ahaa Calanka Somaliland hadda isticmaasho waa dhab Somaliland Dawladnimadaas ay sheegtaan, hadduuse ahaa Calanka Buluugga ah ee Somalida dhan u ah Calan waa Dhalanteed Dawladnimada ay sheegtaan.

Waxaan akhristoow waydiiyey nin u dhashay beesha Isaaq xiddigta Madow ee Calanka Somaliland ka dhex muuqata anigoo la kaftamaya ayaan ku iri ma xidgahaanu gaarnay ayeey u taagan tahay xiddigtaasi? Wuxuu iigu jawaabay intuu qoslay aar waanu duulnay maahee waxay Cadaynaysaa Shantii meelood ee gumaystuhu Somaliya u kala qaybiyey…!!! Markuu sidaas iyiri ayaan ku iri kala qaybintaa muxuu gumaystuhu uga danlahaa inuu Somaliya shan ukala qaybiyo…? Wuxuu iigu jawaabay dee waxuu doonayey in uu awoodda Somalidu lahayd kala geeyo si ay ugu fududaato inuu ku fushado danihiisa ahaa kala qaybi oo xukun dee far kaliyihi fool ma dhaqdo damaciisu ahaa…!!! Inta Qoslay ayaan iri malaa hadday far kaliyihii fool dhaqdaa… raggii nala fadhiyey iyo isagiiba way wada qosleen markaasuu yiri waar nimankiinaan Daarood meel baas baad dadka ka martaan…

Gabagabadii markaan eegno Gumaystihii ka hor Dawlad la yiraahdo Somaliland ma jirin, Markaan eegno Gumaystihii intuu joogay Dawlad la yiraahdo Somaliland ma jirin, Markii xornimada la qaatay iyana ma jirin Dawlad la yiraahdo Somaliland, Markaad eegto Magaca Somaliland wuxuu kulminayaa dhammaan Somalida oo dhan oo micnihiisu waa Dhulkii Somaliya. Markaad eegto Beesha arintaan Dawlad baanu ahaan jirnay oo haddana nahay faafisaa hadalkoodu maaha mid la rumaysan karo mar haddii ay beeshaasi hadba jiha saarayso isir ahaan meeshay ka soo jeedaan, Markaan eegno xuduudaha waxaa kala samaystay Britishka iyo Talyaaniga ee maamulo Somaliya oo lookala sameeyey ma jirin. Dhinac kastood ka eegtid Dawladnimada Somaliland ay sheegtaan waxay noqonaysaa DHALANTEED…

Qore: Cabdirashid Cabdi Daad