FATUHAL HABASH AXMED GUREY THE DIR GENERAL AND DAROOD CLAIMS

Fatuhal Habash bookDir People from Ahmed Gurey Ibrahim's era In the 1500's several things happened in the early struggles of Axmed Gran with the Ethiopia Christian Imperialists who where sprearheading attacks into Muslim lands.

According to Fatuh Al Habash: 1) Ahamed Gran came into the hinterlands of North Westren Somalia in order to recruit fighters amoung the Mandaluug Dir, Mahomed Xiniftire Or Mahe Dir and Madoobe. a) The fatuh al Habash mentions the Habar Magadle (Maha Dir) by name as one group which Gureey try to draw into his camp.Nevertheless, the Habar Awal and Habar Yonis joined the Gurey jihaad.

For Example, the Makaahil of the Habar Awal was the son of an Amhara princesse who was broght back to Somali by a Habar Awal worrior. The Amhara princes asked her captor one favour which to name the first son. After she bore the son she named him Makahil "Micheal" the angel. As a matter of fact many Mahe Dir like the Habar xabuush or Habar Jeclo were also named in such a case. According to the Fatuh Al Habash, "the fierce and rebellious Isaaq, Issas, and Afar clans who lived close to these groups and was know as "Oda Cali" caused Guurey many problems because as soon as the attacked the Habash enemies and gained some booty they would return to their territorie this angered Imam Ahmed who wanted a displined army. Ali and Mataan a brothers in-law of Gurey and Ahmed Nuur a knephew or Gurey, who later married Gurey's wife Batiyo Delwambero(Dawmbiro).

It is interesting to not The name Dalwambero. It is no accidental it sounds like Dombiro. The Darood Somali clans under Imam Ahmed Gurey where led by another Garad who was know as Guuray and he was married to Delwambera's sister Mardiya. It was at this period that the Madaxweyn Dir enlisted the Yabbare, Geeri, and Harla, also it was at this juncture of history that the Darood confuse history.

1) The Darood confuse to distinct persons. Namely, Imam Ahmed Ibrahim Ghazali Aragsame the proper Ahmed Guray and the Garad Gurey who led the Darood armies. After centuries they think that their Garad whose name is mentioned in the Fatuh Al Habash as Guray is the same as Ahmed Gurey. So the legacy of Axmed Gurey is not limited to the Gababuursi or Ciisa or Gurgure but as touched all Somalis.

 

 

 

Tsehai Publishers & Distributors, 2003 - History - 417 pages

Sihab ad-Din Ahmad bin 'Abd al-Qader's account of the early sixteenth century Jihad, or holywar, in Ethiopia, of Imam Ahmad bin Ibrahim, better known as Ahmad Gran, or the Left handed, is an historical classic. The Yamani author was an eyewitness of several of the battles he describes, and is an invaluable source. His book, which is full of human, and at times tragic, drama, makes a major contribution to our knowledge of a crucially important period in the hisoty of Ethiopia and Horn of Africa. 'Futuh al-Habasa, ' or 'Conquest of Abyssinia' - which undoubtedly reflects the situation as it seemed to its Yamani author at the time of its composition. The forces of Imam Ahmad bin Ibrahim had occupied the greater part of Ethiopia. The resistance of Emperor Lebna Dengel had virtually come to an end, and many Christians had chosen to convert to Islam. The victorious Imam's regime seemed there to stay. This was, however, far from the end of the story. The Imam was killed in battle on February 21, 1543, whereupon his army almost immediately disintegrated. Those of his soldiers who could do so made their way back to the East. Not a few Muslim converts reverted to their former faith. The Futuh thus refers to a relatively short, though crucially important, period in Ethiopia's long history. The book is nevertheless valuable, in that its author was an eye-witness of many of the events he describes, and writes, as far as we can judge, with a degree of objectivity rare for his time. What people say about this book: "This book is the first ever complete English translation of the Arabic account on the campaigns of Imam Ahmad b. Ibrahim al-Ghazi (popularly known as Gran) as written by the Yemeni jurist, Shihab al-din Ahmad b. Abd al-Qadir b. Salim b. Uthman (also known as Arab Faqih)... it is a welcome addition to the rich corpus of Arabic literary and historical sources relevant to the sixteenth-century Ethiopia and the Horn. It is particularly useful for English-speaking researchers and established scholars who cannot read either the Arabic text or the authoritative French translation prepared by Rene Basset...both Stenhouse and Pankhurst, and the publisher, deserve high commendation, respectively, for producing such a valuable work that represents a major contribution to the history of Ethiopia and the Horn, and for making it available to the wider English-speaking readership and scholarship." -- Hussein Ahmed is a Professor of History at Addis Ababa University. He is a leading historian of Islam in Ethiopia. * * * "In the history of conflict in Africa and beyond, "few stories of drama and human tragedy equal" Imama Ahmad's conquest of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia (1529-1543). His short lived spectacular victories and determination to replace Christianity by Islam and the remarkable survival of Christianity in Ethiopia" is a story of epic proportions" which still generates strong emotion among both the Christian and the Muslim population of Ethiopia. In other words, Imam Ahmad's jihadic war besides being legendary was a major turning point... This is truly a wonderful work, which is destined to remain an indispensable source for the history of Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa during the first half of the tumultuous sixteenth century. Anyone interested in understanding the intensity and brutality of religious war will be rewarded by reading this classic." -- Mohammed Hassen is anAssociate Professor of African history at Georgia State University in Atlanta. He is the author of The Oromo of Ethiopia: A History 1570-1860.

 

AXMED GUREY MA DIRBUU AHAA MISE DAAROOD ?

MAHAD SANID

AXMED IBRAAHIM GHAZI OO GUUREY LOO YAGAANO MUU AHEYN DAROOD IYO WAX LA MIDA. GENERAAL AXMED GUUREY WUXUU AHAA MUJAAHID KA SOO JEEDA BOQORTOOYADA ADAL IYO IFAT OO CASIMADOODU AHAYD ZAYLAC. BOQORKII AXMED GUREYNA WUXUU AHAA SALAH DIIN WAA NIN WALI AH OO KU AASAN JAZIIRADA 300 BOQOL EE MITIR U JIRTA ZAILAC. SALAH DIIN WAXAA DILAY BOQORKII KRISTAANKA AHAA EE AMDA SIYOON WAXAANA LAGU AASAY SALAHA DIIN OO AHAA BOQORKII ADAL ( AWDAL) JASIIRADAAS OO ILAA MANTA LAGU ZIYAARTAA.

XABASHIDA WAAGAS MARKII AY MUSLIMINTA JABIYEEN WEXEY DUDUMIYEEN GOBOLKA AWDAL EE AH GOBOLKA GADABUURSIGU DAGO MANTA. WAXAA DHACDAY IN LA DUDUMIYA MAGAALADA CAMUUD (AMUUD) OO AHEYD CASIMAD WEYN OO QABUURAHEEDA KALIYA WAXAA KU AASAN 250,000 DHISMO YAAL QADIIMANA WAA KU YAALAN.

MARKA DAROOD DALKAA MA DAGAAN DHULKU WAA XUDUNTII BEESHA DIREED SIIBA GADABURSI OO AH MADALUUG DIR IYO CIISE MADOOBE DIR IYO MADAXWEYNE DIREED.

WAXA DHACDAY IN WAAGAAS UU BOQORKII AWDAL MARKII LA DILAY UU XUKUNKA LA WAREEGAY UMAR UL DIIN OO AHAA SALAH DIINKA ZAILAC KU AASAN WALALKII HADANA WUU BAXSADAY UMAR UL DIIN OO DOON AYUU U RAACAY DALKA YAMAN. WAXA QABSADAY XUKUUMADII NIN AY ILMO ADEER YIHIIN OO ABUBAKAR LA YIDHAHDO OO HOOSTANA KALA SAAXIIBAY XABASHIDA ISAGOO SIIYA GIBIRKA ( CANSHUURTA).

HADABA YUU AHAA AXMED GUREY ? AXMED IBRAAHIM GUUREY WAXAA ADEER U AHAA UMAR IYO BOQORKII LA DILAY SALAH DIIN.

AXMED GUREEY WUXUU AHAA NIN DIREED OO MADALUUG AMA MADAX WEYN DIREED AH WUXUUNA GUURSADAY GABAR LA DHAHO BATI DELWAMBARO OO LA YIRI WAXAA DHALAY ABUKAR MAXAMMED NINKII DHAXLAY LABADII BOQOR UMAR UL DIIN IYO SALAHA DIIN EE RAACIGA ( DABADHILFKAN U NOQDAY XABASHIDA BOQORKOODI AMADA SIYON)

MARKII ARIN HALKAA MARAYSAY AYUU MUJAAHID AXMED GUREY DILAY ABUBAKAR MAXAMMED SODOGIISI DHALAYNA GABADHII UU AXMED GUREY QABAY BATI DEL WAMBARO — WAA SIDUU U QORAY TAARIKHDA KITAABKII ” FATUUXAL XABASHA” THE CONQUEST OF THE ETHIOPIAN CHRISTIANS. MUJAAHID AXMED GUREY WUXUU KA SAARAY DALKII XABASHIDII ILAA TIGRAAY ( DHUL WAQOOYIGA KA XIGA) CASIMADA ITOOBIYE EE ADDIS ABBAB AYUU GAARAY 1527-1559.

GEESIGAAN DIREED WUXUU ISKU URUURIYAY SOMALIDA QABAAILKOODA, CAAFARTA, IYO ADARIDA IYO QOMIYADO KALE.

DAROODKA WAXAA FATUUXUL XABASH UU SHEEGAYAA IN AY DAGAALKA KAGA JIREEN BARTIRE, GARI, IYO YABARE WAA BEELO ABSAME AH OO DAGAN JIG JIGA AGAGAARKOODA.

FATUUXUL XABASH WAXA KALE UU SHEEGAYAA IN AY XAASKA AXMED GUREY YAHAY BATI DELWAMARO. 1559 KII BUURTUQIISKA ( PORTAGAL) IYO KRISTAANKA MASAR EE COPTIGA ( COPTICS) AYAA U SOO GURMADAY KRISTAANKA AMXAARADA AH. BUUGU WAXA KALE UU KA HADLAYAA SIDA AY GEESIYASH DIREED OO AY KA MID YIHIIN GADABUURSI, GURGURE IYO ISAAQ OO LOO YAQAAN MARKAA HABAR MAGAADLE IYO BARSUUGA- AKISHO IYO HOOLGAATI OO AH QEYB CIISAHA KA MIDA U DAGALAMEEN. NIN LA YIRAAHDO SAMAROON SACIIDNA WUXUU KA CIYAARAY DOOR WEYN OO AH MEESHU MAGACA SAMAROON KA YIMID.

SHEEKHYADA WAAWEYN EE AWBARE IYO SH YUSUF AL KOWNIIN ( AWBARKHADLE) SHEEKHI HINDISAY ” HIGAADA ALIF LA KOR DHABE- HABKA SOMAALIGA XILIGAAS AYAY JIREEN

BEESHA MAREEXANA WAAGAAS WAXA AY AHAYEEN LAF AMA JUFO KA MIDA HABAR MAGAADLE. WAA SIDUU SHEEGAYO FATUUX AL XABASH THE CONQUEST OF THE ETHIOPIANS. EE WAANA SABABTA AY DAROODKA UGA BAQAAN IN AY TURJUMAN BUUGAS WAAYO MAREEXAN WAA HABAR MAGAADLE HARTIGUNA WAAGAS WEXEY HOOS TAGAYEEN GURGURE ( ILAA MANTA WAX GURGURAH SHEEGTA LAF LA DHAHO HARTI GAAB OO HARTI AH KUNA DHAFAN GURGURE IYO CIISE MADOOBE DIR.

QORAAGA IM LEWIS IYO BUUGA KALE OO DHAWAAN LA QORAY AYAA IYAGUNA DAAROODKA KU EEDEEYAY FOLJARI SABABTOO AH:

1) HADII DAROODKU DHALAY SHEIKH ISMAAIL JABARTI OO KU AASAN YAMAN ZIBEYD ( ZUBEYDA) DHINTAYNA 1646 SIDEEY KU DHACDAY IN AY BEELAH DAROOD EEN KOR KU XUSNAY EE OO SHAHIDKA KA AHAA QORAAGA ” FATUUXAL XABASH 1520KII AY UGA QEYB GALEEN DAGAALKII AXMED GUREY

MACQUUL MIYAA ABAAHAA OO DHINTAY 1646 OO YAMAN LAGU AASAY IN AAD ITOBIYA DHEX BARTANKEED AY WILASHIISI BARTIRE YABARE GARI KA DAGAALAMAN ITOOBIYA DHEX BARTANKEED 1527KII . THIS IS IMPOSSIBLE.!!!!!!

QORAAGA I M LEWIS IYO BUUGA ” THE INVENTION OF SOMALIA” WAXA AY DAROODKA KU EEDEEYEEN IN WAX WEYN KA KHALDAN YIHIIN

WAXA KALE OO AY KU CAMABAAREEYEN DAROOD IN UUSAN DHALI KARIN ISMAIL JABARTI HADII UU DHALAYNA AYSAN JOOGI KARIN XILIGII AXMED GUREY 1520′S

WAXA KALE UU THE INVENTION OF SOMALIA QORAAGISU KU EEDEYAY IN AY DAARODKU BEEN TAHAY SHEGASHADA AXMED GUREY AY SHEEGTEEN. OO WALIBA IN NAAGTAN DIREED EE DOONBIRO MAGACEEDA AY KA SOO QAATEEN XAASKII AXMED GUREY OO LA ORAN JIRAY BATI DELWAMBARO SOO MAGAC U EG MAAH DOONBIRO– YAA HUUNO

KITAABKA THE INVENTION OF SOMALIA AYAA SI TOOS AH UGU EEDENAYA IN DAROOD CARAB AHAYN OO SHEEKADA DOON BAAN KA SOO DAGAY OO ANOO GEED KU DHUMANAYA AYAAN GABAR DOONBIRO LA YIRAAHDO HELAY OO AAN CEEL U QODAY MARKII DANBENA ABEHEE OO DIR AH I SII YAY IN AY BEEN QURAAFAD AH OO AY Darood SAMEEYEN 1900 TAHAY. QORAAGA THE INVENTION OF SOMALI WUXUU SHEEGAYAA IN SHEEKADAN DAAROOD AY KA SOO GUURIYEN QISADA QUURANKA KU QORAN EE KU SAABSANEYD NABI MUUSE ( CALYHI WAS SALAAM) UU ISAGOO SOO DILAY NIN FIRCOONIYA U U SOO CAARAY DHULKA SAHARAH EE SIINAY ( SAINA) OO UU HALKAA MALIN ISAGOO NABI MUUSE GEED SAARAN UU ARKAY GABAR XOOLO WADATA ARI AH OO UU DHALAY NABI SHUCEYB OO AHAA QOMKII REER BENU MADYAN. WAXAA UU YIRI DAROODKA WAXA AY SAMEYEEN SHEEKADII DHEX MARTAY NABI SHUCEYB OO REER BANU MADYAN IYO NABI MUUSE OO NIN FIRCOONIYA SOO DILAY IN DAROODKU AY SHUCEYBNA ( DIR) KA DHIGEEN NACAM NABI MUUSE ( S.A.W) UU DAROOD YAHAY GABADHII UU GURSADAYNA INA SHUCEYB AY AHEYD ( DOONBIRO) AY KA DHIGEEN.

MARKA DAROODKA WAA CEBEYSAN YIHIIN OO MARNA CARAB HA ISKA DHIGAN MARNA QURANKII ILAAHEY INTEY SHEEKO KA SOO SARAAN DUSH HA NAGALA SOO KORAAN.

DAROODKU HADII AY CARAB YIHIIN MA CARABAA LOO BAXSHAA KOOMBE KABLALAX- MISE CARAB BAA LA BAXI LAHAA TAGAAL WAAQ– WAAQ WA ILAHEYGII CAWANKA GAALADA EE OROMADA BOORANTA CABUDAANE. DAROODKA WAA WADA WAAQLE -SIWAAQ ROON -TAGAL WAAQ- JID WAAQ- CABUD WAAQ IYO KOOBE IYO WAXA AAN LA AQOON.

MARKA GAALADA WESTERNKA MAXAAY DAROODKU IYAGOO SHARIF SHARIF ISKAGA DHIGAYA UG SHEEKEYAAN ANAGU ASHARAAF MASALE BIIBAYA SAARAN AYAANU AHEY OO DALKA CAWAAN DIR IYO HAWIYE IYO RAXANWEYN AYAAN UGU NIMID– MARNA U SHEEGANAYAAN IN UU AXMED GUREY DAROOD AHAA HADANA AY UGA DHIGAYAAN XASKIISI DALWEBERO HOYADOOD.

DAROOD ABTIYAAL WAAN IDIN JECELNAHAY ABTI NIMO IYO DARISNIMO WAAN KUU OGOLAHAY LAKIIN BEEN ANIGA IIMA SHEEGI KARTID- HADAN GAAL IYO FARANJI BAA KU KASHIFAY.

BUUGA CEEBTIINI KU TAALO GOOGLE.COM AYAAD KA HELEYSAA ANIGU KUMAAN CAYIN WAXA KU CAYAY GALADII AAD KU LEHEY AANA SHARIIF WA DIRUL CAWAAN. AKHRISO BUUGA

http://books.google.ca/books?id=XpdAzRYruCwC&dq=INVENTION+OF+SOMALIA&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=M5OMTOmVKYOKlweOxd1h&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.ca/books?id=XpdAzRYruCwC&lpg=PP1&dq=INVENTION%20OF%20SOMALIA&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false

ASALAAMU CALEYKUN

Sunday, September 12, 2010
ADAL A DIR KINGDOM RULED BY SALAH DIIN IS IN AWDAL ZAILA GADABURIS CIISE DIR COUNTRY
Adal Empire
Dir Era
I researched Adal, the Islamic kigndom that existed between Eritrea all the way to Coastal City Berber.

I thought Adal was mostly Afar and Arab kingdom, but I’m suprised Somalis have connection to Adal.

When and where Adal Empire was born:
*It was on the 13th century that came to the light, in Horn of Africa, one of the strongest Empire that existed in East Africa. Adal Empire had its origine in the city of Zeyla, situated until today in the northern region of the former Democratic Republic of Somalia. The father of that State was King Omar D. Ahmed (nicknamed Aw-Barkhadle). The king who had a long live, occupied the throne for many years. When he passed away, he left behind him many children, mainly males. Among them, the successors to the throne who inherited the kingdom. Later, Adal Empire became an Islamic Empire that expanded the religion of Islam with determination, into the entire Horn of Africa. Remarked by its faithful actions, other Islamic States in the world called Adal Empire “Diraasal-Islaam”.

During the centuries that followed, Adal Empire was engaged into many wars against the Abysinians (Habasha), where thousands and thousands individuals died. At that time, Adal Empire became the most loved Islamic State among the entire Islamic Nations because of its determination to its cause; its strong judicial system and its faithful expansion of Islam into the territories of Abyssinians and Galas (Oromos). At that period of time, Adal Empire had a strong alliance with the Ottoman Empire of Turkey, while the Portuguese supported the Abyssinians.
Geographical location of Adal Empire:
In order for you to better situate the indications that will be mentioned, you are invited to refer to the Map of Africa in 1808 as well as other maps. Saying that, to the North, Adal Empire was situated up to the region of Danaakil (actually, North of the Republic of Djibouti, populated by Afar people). While to the South, the empire had its border up to the region of Ras-Xaafuun (actually called Hays and Maydh, located in today’s Region of Sanaac). From the East, Adal Empire as well as the actual State of Awdal, had the entire code facing the Red Sea while to the West, it was situated up to the Region of Shawa (in Ethiopia), also called Shawa at that time. In fact, Shawa was the base of the Kingdom of Abyssinia and today, it’s the home of its descendents leaded by the Ethiopian government, with its capital city of Addis-Ababa.

Composition of Adal Empire:
Adal Empire was composed of seven (7) States. According to the size of their land and the military forces of each state, here is their names: Ifaad, Dawaaro, Araabiini, Hadaya, Sharqa, Baali and Daara, where each of them had its own government. Please refer to the map titled Map of Adal Empire (13th century). The largest and strongest State Ifaad, known from Egypt and “Shaam” as Zeyla’s land, became later the dominant and the central one with its capital city of Zeyla. Ifaad will lead the entire Empire and will face many challenges. According to the historians of that period, Ifaad was large as 20 days of walk from North to South and 15 days of walk from East to West. Its military force was composed of 15000 cavaliers and 20000 of infantries.

In his book titled “Masaalikal-Absaar”(this is in Somali spelling), the Egyptian author, Subhul Ahsha mentioned that Zeyla was the nucleus city of Adal Empire. Continuing into the description of this city, he added that Zeyla was “The City of Light”, which had many Mosques and many schools, where all kind of subjects were taught. In fact, Mr. Ahsha described Zeylac as “The Place” where one can acquire any kind of knowledge that may be taught in that period of time. The author added in his description that the people were 100% Muslim. Mr. Ahsha said that they were gathering in large number into the Mosques of the city, as faithful believers to Islam. According to this writing, these Mosques could be compared to the municipal libraries that can be found today in big cities of our century. In addition of that, schools were places where people use to enjoy meeting, share knowledge, discuss about social issues and debate intellectually. As a matter of fact, Zeyla was known as the place where the knowledge was at the merci of everyone.

Well, now that you understand the value of Adal Empire, it is reasonable that you ask what did happen to that great Empire, how did it collapse? Who were the people living under the ruling of that great Empire, well known by its strong judicial system? Who were in fact the civilized nation living in that period of time and what did become their descendants? For the time been, I need your patient in order for me to work into the information that I collected. Meaning that you will know for sure what did happen to that great Adal Empire, very soon. Concerning your questions about the people of that nation or what did they become and who are the descendants, I’m inviting you to click on “People” under “About Awdal” category and voila!

The Adal of yesterday is the Awdal of today:
First of all, though the Empire that we mention all along was called Adal Empire, in their mother language (Somali), the people of that nation called “Cadal”. Translating the word Cadal into Latin gave Adal. With the time, people changed the word Adal (Cadal) to Awdal and that is how the Awdal of today is referred to the Adal Empire of yesterday.

The State of Awdal borders with Djibouti from the North-West, Ethiopia from the West, the former Democratic Republic of Somalia from the South and, the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea from the North-East through the entire Easter coastal region. The region has an estimated land area of 22,000 sq. km and a 170 km long coastline on the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea. Awdal experiences three distinct climatic seasons; the rainy season which starts in March and ends in July, the dry season which starts in August and lasts until November and a kind of Mediterranean Fall, from December to February. High temperatures of above 35C and 20C are observed along the coastal settlements during the summer and winter months respectively. Average annually rainfall is between 450-500 mm. the State of Awdal consists of four districts: Boroma – with Boroma City as the regional capital city, Zeila, Lughaya and Baki.

As mentioned above, the State of Awdal corresponds to the former Adal Empire, which became Gadabursi Land under the British colonial, in the 19th century. Later, it was called Awdal Region until the disintegration of the dictatorial regime of the former Democratic Republic of Somali, in 1991. the State of Awdal did not officially proclaim yet its status to the rest of the world and it’s not recognized yet as an Independent Nation by the United Nations but so far, the Awdalites live in their homeland under the ruling of local authorities, with freedom. After the collapse of the Somali government in 1991, Awdalites continued to maintain a stable existence, despite the economic infrastructure left behind by British and humanitarian organizations assistance programs. The State of Awdal is one of the African’s largest source of incense and myrrh, which are forestry products. Also, the Awdal’s chief exports include livestock, fish, hides and skins and, petroleum products. Nowadays, as one of the most recently established nation, the State of Awdal presents a new field of study for scholars and investors.

Ahmad Guray was a Dir Somali (his mother was a Harari Ethiopian though…) The Dir are the northernmost of the 6 Somali Clans, They include the Gadabursi of Northwest Somaliland and the Iessa of Djibouti.

The capital of Adal Sultanate was Harrar (which was an Islamic center) and its major ports were Zeila and Sahil (now Berbera) Ahmad the Left-handed’s army included alot of recently Islamisized Somalis from the east (like the Ogaden, and Majerteen) and also a lot of Oromo and it also covered almost all of the Afar regions. It was truly the first and only 100% Cushitic Empire.

And man, did he give the Abbysinians a run for their money! He conquered lands as deep into the Ethiopian interior as Lake Tana (the source of the blue Nile) and he was killed in battle there. Only for his wife to carry on the first Jihad in the Horn of Africa.

He was also the first non European to use cannons and muskets in his warfare
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Posted by DIRSAME at 12:26 AM Labels: BOQORTOYADII GUREY
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