Gurgura, Gorgorah ama Gurgure (Af-Ingiriis: Gurgura, Af-Carabi: غرغرة) waa qabiil ka tirsan Beelaha Dir, ee Dadka Soomaalida. Qabiilka Gurgure waxaa intooda ugu badan degaan ku yihiin deegaanka Oromada (Kilidhka 4aad) wadanka Itoobiya. Sidoo kale waxaa laga helaa deegaanada Soomaali Galbeed, deegaanka Canfarta iyo meelo ka mid wadanka Soomaaliya.
Beesha Gurgure waxay ka mid tahay Madaxweyne Dir, taasi oo iskuxidha Gurguraha, Gurreha iyo Gariireha iyo beelo kale oo Madaxweyne Dir ka tirsan.[1]
Dir, magaca saxda ah: Abukar waa beelweyn ka tirsan qabiilada Soomaalida taasi oo juquraafi ahaan degta afar wadan oo ku yaala Geeska Afrika. Beesha Dir waxaa laga helaa dhamaan deegaanada Shanta Soomaaliyeed kuwaasi oo kala ah: Djibouti(ahaan jirtey: French Somaliland(1)), Soomaaliya(ahaan jirtey: British Somaliland(2) iyo Italian Somaliland(3)), wadanka Kenya, Gobolka Waqooyi Bari(4) iyo dalka Itoobiya, deegaanka Soomaali Galbeed, iyo sidoo kale Deegaanada Oromia iyo deegaanka Canfarta(5).[2][3][4][5]
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↑ Lewis, I. M. (1998) (in en). Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho. Red Sea Press. ISBN 9781569021057. "At the end of the book "Tribal Distribution of Somali Afar and Saho""
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↑ http://dspace-roma3.caspur.it/bitstream/2307/4150/1/Clanship,%20conflict%20and%20refugees_An%20introduction%20to%20Somalis%20in%20the%20Horn%20of%20Africa.pdf CLANSHIP, CONFLICT AND REFUGEES: AN INTRODUCTION TO SOMALIS IN THE HORN OF AFRICA Guido Ambroso Page 6
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↑ Garre live in Southern Somalia, North Eastern Kenya and Southern Ethiopia. In Southern Somalia, they live in Kofur near Mogadishu and El Wak District in Gedo Province. In Ethiopia, they live in Moyale, Hudet and Woreda of Liban zone. In Kenya, the Garre inhabit Wajir North and Moyale. UNDP paper http://www.undp.org/content/dam/kenya/docs/Amani%20Papers/AP_Volume1_n2_May2010.pdf
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↑ Hayward, R. J.; Lewis, I. M. (2005-08-17) (in en). Voice and Power. Routledge. p. 242. ISBN 9781135751753.
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↑ The Quranyo section of the Garre claim descent from Dirr, who are born of the Irrir Samal. UNDP Paper in Keyna http://www.undp.org/content/dam/kenya/docs/Amani%20Papers/AP_Volume1_n2_May2010.pdf
BOQORTOOYADA GURGURE ALI MADAXWEYNE DIR
Waa boqortooyo hore oo xoogaha aad moodo baryahan danbe in xoogeedi wiiqmay qaar badana ay konfurta, galbeedka, iyo waqooyiga Itoobiya ku kala firdhatay. Qaar kalen galbeedka Somaliya iyo waqooyiga ay u kala kaceen. Beelo fara badan ayaa Akisho ku abtirsada qaar badan xitaa aan Akisho la moodin sida Obo, Guure, iyo beelo kale.
Magaca Akisho waxaa lagu macneeyaa kii cayilnaa oo afka oromada lagu dhaho (Ayisho) waa naaneys, Sida Gurgurahaba uu magaciisu naaneys macnaheedu tahay (Ganacsade) oo af Somaligii hore la dhihi jiray Gurgure sida kalmada (Gorgortanba) ay halkaas ka soo jeedo. Itoobiyana Gurgure waxaa loo yaqaan ganacsatada afafka Harariga/Oromada.
...
Boqortooyoyinkii hore ee Gurgure-Layiile-Akisho waxaa ay u bax sheen magalada Diraa Dhabe (ama meeshii uu Dir Waranka ku dhuftay(Dhabey) qarnigii 1400. Akishada iyo Gurgurah iyo beelah Madaxweyne Direed waxaa ka dhashay boqortooyoyinkii Ifat--Adulis iyo waliba halyeeygii weynaa ee Axmed Gurey.
Tarikho hore oo tilmamaya ayaa jira in Boqoradii Caraweelo ay aheyd naag Akhisho. Labadii boqol ee sano ee la soo dhafay hase ahaatee boqortoyadii akisho waxaa ku dhacay dib u dhac iyo burbur.
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Habar Daar - Quwaah - Liiban
These three groups are made of many sub-clans:
Habar Daar consists of: Kunduuble, Cali, Cabdille
Quwaah consists of: Nabidoor, Gacal Waaq, Baiido
Liibaan consists of: Gufaatiile, Sanjeele, Saneye
other subclans some of which are;
Layiile, Guure and Jeerse ...
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he Gurgure Dir inhabit the ancient city of Dira Dhawe, which is also inhabited by the Madoobe Dir Issas.[citation needed] The first to arrive were the Gurguras who named the city Dira Dhawe, or "the place that Dir conquered or hit with his spear". Finally, the Issas and other Somali groups followed into the region and the Christian Amharas referred the region to as "Oow-raajaa na Issa na Gurgura" or the region of the Gurguras and the Issas.
Gadsan (or Gaadsan) is one of the largest tribes in Dir, especially the western Dir. They reside mainly in three districts: Liban (Jarrati, Waladaya, Doolow and Guuredhamole), Godey (Iimey and Marole), and Gashamo (Nusdariiq, Marsin, Kabtinuur and Qabridhare). There is also other large population of gaadsan, known as Gaadsan-Qalaawileey in the Shabelle and Jubba regions. In Kenya there is a third division of Gaadsan, known as Gaadsan-Kenya, found in many cities such as Bangal, Garseeni, and Holla.
Political groups associated with the Dir clans include the following groups in Somalia and Ethiopia:
Issas and Gurgure Liberation Front (IGF) of Ethiopia.
Somali Democratic Alliance (SDA) of the Gadabursi Dir clan.
Somali National Movement (SNM) of the Northern Isaaq.
Southern Somali National Movement (SSNM) of the mostly Mohamed Xiniftire Dir Clans (Bimaal, Mandaluug, and Gadsan) of Jubba, Gedo, Bardheere, and Shabeellaha Hoose region.
Democratic Liberation Front (DLF) supported Central Somalia Dir groups.
Dir subclans
Madaxweyn Dir
Gurgure: The Gurgure are divided into three major groups, Habar Daar, Quwaax and Liiban, who are made of many sub-clans:
Habar Daar
Kunduuble
Cali
Cabdille
Quwaah
Nabidoor
Gacal Waaq
Baiido
Liibaan
Gufaatiile
Sanceele
Sanaye
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The Dir in Ethiopia are represented by the Issas, Gurgure, Guure, Quranyo Maxamed, Akisho, Gadabuursi, Gadsan, Gariir, Fiqi Muhumand, Qubeys, Layiile, Mandaluulg, Baajimaal, and Wardaai. The majority live in the Dira Dhabe area, Jijiga region, and by the Awash River. The rest of the Ethiopian Dir clans live in southern parts near the Somali border near Dollo Ado and as far as Guure Dhamoole and Negele Boran.
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Gurgure: The Gurgure are divided into three major groups, Habar Daar, Quwaah and Liiban.
These three groups are made of many sub-clans:
- Habar Daar consists of Kunduuble, Cali, Cabdille
- Quwaah consists of Nabidoor, Gacal Waaq, Baiido
- Liibaan consists of Gufaatiile, Sanceele, Sanaye
The Layiile are very close to the Gurgure and the closest kinship group to this great clan of Madaxweyn Dir
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BEESHA NABIDOOR GURGURE WAA JILIB KA MIDA IYO DOORASHADII SULDAANKOODA CUSUB ( DAAWO)
In the 1300 the Gurgura as the eldest Dir clan were not only the Leaders of the Dir but all somali clans in the north.
It only after the ethiopian amde seyons victories destroyed them and the ancestors of the Gadabursi and the Mahe dir that
all the clans splintered..
today they have been partially oromosized…
The Dir-Madaxweyne Akisho, along with the Gurgura, Issa and Gadabuursi subclans of the Dir represent the most native and indigenous Somali tribes in Harar.[14][15][16]
The city Dire Dawa was originally called Dir Dhabe and used to be part of Adal Sultanate during the medieval times and was exclusively settled by Dir which is a major Somali tribe and after the weakening of Adal Sultanate, the Oromos took advantage and were able to penetrate through the city and settle into these areas and also assimilate some of the local Gurgura clan.[17]
The Dir clan used to be the predominant inhabitants of Hararghe Highlands in the medieval times until the weakening of Adal Sultanate the opportunist Oromos took advantage of the crippling state and decided to invade and occupy the Haraghe Highlands and assimilate the local native Somali population which were Jarso, Akisho, Gurgura, Nole, Metta, Oborra and Bursuk who were all sub-clans of Dir a major Somali tribe and were later confederated into Oromo tribe, the Afran Qallo clan.
The Somalis, principally the Dir clan used to inhabit the Awash River. The Afars were mostly concentrated in the Red Sea and the Lake Abbe while Somalis during the medieval times inhabited Awash river which was back then called "Webiga Dir" named after its tribe. After the weakening of Adal Sultanate, the Somalis left Awash river and allowed Afars to settle in Awash river to serve as a buffer zone between the Somalis and Abyssinians.[18]
The Dir were supporters of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi during his 16th century conquest of Abyssinia; especially the Gurgura, Issa, Bursuk and Gadabuursi.[19] In his medieval Futuh Al-Habash documenting this campaign, the chronicler Shihāb al-Dīn indicates that thousands of Dir soldiers took part in Imam Ahmad's Adal Sultanate army.[20]
The Dir clan also led a revolt against the Italians during the colonial period. This revolt was mainly led by the Biimaal section of the Dir. The Biimaal clan is widely known for leading a resistance against the colonials in southern Somalia.The Biimaal violently resisted the imposition of colonialism and fought against the Italian colonialists of Italian Somaliland in a twenty-year war known as the Biimaal revolt in which many of their warriors assassinated several Italian governors. This revolt can be compared to the war of the Mad Mullah in northern Somalia.[21][22][23] The Biimaal mainly lives in Southern Somalia, the Somali region of Ethiopia, which their Gaadsen sub-clan mainly inhabits and in the NEP region of Kenya.[24][25] The Biimaal are pastoralists. They were also successful merchants and traders in the 19th century.[26] In the 19th century they have engaged in multiple wars with the Geledi clan, which they were victorious in.[26][23]
It only after the ethiopian amde seyons victories destroyed them and the ancestors of the Gadabursi and the Mahe dir that
all the clans splintered..
today they have been partially oromosized…
LIBAAX KA SOO JEEDA BEESHA ISAAQ OO BOQORAYA SULDAAN MADAXEYN DIR AH WAA MALIN WEYN IN MAGACAAN DIREED IN DADKIISI ISKU SOO BAXAYAAN OO AY MIDOOBAAN.
GUUL DIR.
::: GURGURE, GUURE, QURANYOW MAXAMED GARRE; GARIIRE, GADSAN;BARSUUG,SURRE, CIISE, ISAAQ, GADABURSI, QUBEYS, LAYIILE, REER DAYO, JIIDO, IYO QAAR KALE OO BADAN.
1) GURGURE DALKIIS WAA LOO SOO QAXAY WAANA LA LA WAREEGI DOONAA HADII AYSAN DHALINTA KICIN OO GURGURE AAN BOORKA LAGA HURGUFIN OO HURDADA LAGA KICIN.
2) SHISHEEYE FIRFIRCOON OO DHAQAALE CULUS WATA AYAA KUGU DUL WAREEGAYA, HADII DHALITA AAN LA KICIN OO GURGURE UUSAN SIYSAD IYO DHAQAAL SAMEYSAN WAA NILA WAREEGAYAA. GURGURE HA MIDOOBAN HANA SOO KACSHAAN MADAXWEYN DIRKA DAGAN SIYAD TOLNIMO KU DHISAN HA SAMEYSTAAN, GURGURE WAXAA DAD UGU DHAW LAYIILE XITAA UMA WAR HAYAAN
3) DHAQAALE SIDEE LOO DHISTAA, SIDEE SIYAASADA LAGAA GAADAY AAD U SOO CESHANKARTAA.
The Dir clan is one of the oldest clans in the Horn of Africa and the oldest clan among the Somalis.[6][7][8][9] They are also a clan who have retained their ancient Cushitic culture.[10] The history of Islam being practiced by the Dir clan goes back 1400 years. In Zeila, a Dir city, a mosque called Masjid al-Qiblatayn (Somalia) is known as the site of where early companions of the Prophet established a mosque shortly after the first Migration to Abyssinia[11] By 1400AD, a large-scale conversion to Islam was taking place in Somalia, first spread by the Dir clan family, to the rest of the nation.[12]
The early Adal Kingdom (9th century to 13th century) was an exclusive Dir Kingdom with its capital being Zeila.[13] In the 10th century, the Jarso clan a sub-division of Dir established the Dawaro Sultanate centred in Hararghe Highlands. The Dir-Madaxweyne Akisho, along with the Gurgura, Issa and Gadabuursi subclans of the Dir represent the most native and indigenous Somali tribes in Harar.[14][15][16]
The city Dire Dawa was originally called Dir Dhabe and used to be part of Adal Sultanate during the medieval times and was exclusively settled by Dir which is a major Somali tribe and after the weakening of Adal Sultanate, the Oromos took advantage and were able to penetrate through the city and settle into these areas and also assimilate some of the local Gurgura clan.[17]
The Dir clan used to be the predominant inhabitants of Hararghe Highlands in the medieval times until the weakening of Adal Sultanate the opportunist Oromos took advantage of the crippling state and decided to invade and occupy the Haraghe Highlands and assimilate the local native Somali population which were Jarso, Akisho, Gurgura, Nole, Metta, Oborra and Bursuk who were all sub-clans of Dir a major Somali tribe and were later confederated into Oromo tribe, the Afran Qallo clan.
The Somalis, principally the Dir clan used to inhabit the Awash River. The Afars were mostly concentrated in the Red Sea and the Lake Abbe while Somalis during the medieval times inhabited Awash river which was back then called "Webiga Dir" named after its tribe. After the weakening of Adal Sultanate, the Somalis left Awash river and allowed Afars to settle in Awash river to serve as a buffer zone between the Somalis and Abyssinians.[18]
The Dir were supporters of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi during his 16th century conquest of Abyssinia; especially the Gurgura, Issa, Bursuk and Gadabuursi.[19] In his medieval Futuh Al-Habash documenting this campaign, the chronicler Shihāb al-Dīn indicates that thousands of Dir soldiers took part in Imam Ahmad's Adal Sultanate army.[20]
The Dir clan also led a revolt against the Italians during the colonial period. This revolt was mainly led by the Biimaal section of the Dir. The Biimaal clan is widely known for leading a resistance against the colonials in southern Somalia.The Biimaal violently resisted the imposition of colonialism and fought against the Italian colonialists of Italian Somaliland in a twenty-year war known as the Biimaal revolt in which many of their warriors assassinated several Italian governors. This revolt can be compared to the war of the Mad Mullah in northern Somalia.[21][22][23] The Biimaal mainly lives in Southern Somalia, the Somali region of Ethiopia, which their Gaadsen sub-clan mainly inhabits and in the NEP region of Kenya.[24][25] The Biimaal are pastoralists. They were also successful merchants and traders in the 19th century.[26] In the 19th century they have engaged in multiple wars with the Geledi clan, which they were victorious in.[26][23]
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